基于互联网图像集的室外场景建模技术综述

目前在互联网上有海量的室外场景照片,它们不仅内容覆盖面广,对同一场景有大量不同视点和光照条件下的采样,而且获取成本很低.如何利用这些照片中包含的丰富场景信息,快速、方便地构造各种逼真的虚拟场景,是互联网迅猛发展给虚拟现实、计算机图形学和计算机视觉带来的新的研究课题之一.文中分析、总结了近年来国内外互联网图像的真实场景几何建模、自然光照建模和材质反射属性建模的最新研究进展,并对其未来的发展趋势提出了一些看法.     

应用锥型聚光器的光导管系统采光性能的实验与分析

设计了一种带有锥型聚光器的光导管照明系统,并对其进行了采光性能实验,通过测量3种典型天气状况下3个系统的采光性能,得到光通量变化和照度分布的曲线,并同原光导管夏季的试验结果进行比较,得出了该系统的照明效果明显优于原系统的结论.     

用太阳辐射转化法计算室外照度值

针对中国光气候数据资料不足、太阳辐射数据丰富以及资金有限的现状,在分析多种光气候数据采集方法的基础上,选用太阳辐射转化法获得光气候数据。引入发光功效的概念作为室外照度值和太阳辐射量转化的基本关系,并分析对比了已有的发光功效模型,运用天空晴朗指数,以重庆1991-1992年的实测数据为基础进行拟合,建立了总发光功效模型和散射发光功效模型。选用重庆1993年的实测数据对该模型进行了验证,得到了高于其他模型的计算精度。为了验证该模型在中国其他城市的适用性,对中国32个城市的年平均总照度值的计算值和实测值进行了对比,结果证明该转化模型能够满足采光设计的需要。运用这种方法只要输入某地某时刻的太阳辐射数据就可以计算出当地该时刻的室外总照度值和散射照度值,可以大大丰富中国各个城市的光气候数据。最后论文给出了该模型用于室外照度值计算的应用方法。     

基于Ecotect模拟分析的校园建筑室内光环境研究

以苏州大学独墅湖校区校园建筑为例,采用实地调研、仪器测试、Ecotect数值模拟、统计分析等方法,通过计算采光系数以及Ecotect模拟分析室内光环境,凭借数据的对比分析来了解不同室内材料、采光形式对室内光环境的影响。了解到为了获得合理的采光系数应当选用浅色的墙面和顶面,建筑师进行立面设计的时候不要加过多的装饰线条,窗户的形状、大小、位置高低应当根据室内空间的大小、形状、层高而定。     

Optimization of a spectrally tunable LED daylight simulator

Daylight simulators (i.e., D50, D55, D65, and D75 simulators) play an important role for industrial applications, such as surface color industry, recipe formulation, and graphic arts industry. Conventional light sources, including xenon lamps, tungsten‐halogen lamps, and fluorescent lamps, have been used as daylight simulators. In this article, a genetic algorithm is employed to investigate optimized channels for each daylight simulator. It is found that at least six LED channels are required to produce high quality daylight simulators in terms of the CIE Metamerism Indices. Furthermore, it is possible to create a spectrally tunable daylight simulator using six LED channels with wavelengths of 357, 420, 474, 533, 595, and 660 nm. This wavelength combination with appropriate intensity combinations can produce D50, D55, D65, and D75 simulators with good performance, in terms of the CIE Metamerism Indices. The color appearance of various color samples or objects under such a daylight simulator is found to be very similar to those under a corresponding daylight illuminant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 419–423, 2017     

探索建筑采光的优化设计之道

文章阐述了一种建筑采光设计方法，重点强调了在地域性光气候条件下的采光分析以及利用参数化模型进行采光方案的比对，以上过程保证了优化方案的获得。文中以位于广州市的某给定的建筑项目为例探讨了建筑侧窗遮阳构件可能给室内采光带来的改善，设计过程可概括为：以优化的自然光环境的优化为目标，利用参数化模型技术对于方案进行了高效的择优，最终得出了兼顾遮阳效果的采光设计方案。基于课题组前提的研究成果，文章涉及的采光模拟工作均在可反映广州地区地域性光气候特征的典型天空亮度模型（CSRS）的基础上进行。     

Efficient calculation of daylight coefficients for rooms with dissimilar complex fenestration systems

The daylight coefficient (DC) method is a powerful and efficient method to perform annual daylight illuminance simulation. A set of coefficients are calculated for a given room space and static fenestration systems prior to simulation start. Time series of indoor daylight illuminances are obtained by only knowing the sky luminance. However, for rooms with dissimilar dynamic complex fenestration systems (such as windows with movable shadings) whose optical behaviour (transmission, reflection and scattering) may change during simulation, the efficiency of the DC method may be compromised as another whole set of coefficients must be re-calculated. This study presents the development of a new methodology to compute the DC set for rooms with dissimilar complex fenestration components only once prior to simulation start. A validation study is carried out, in which the daylight illuminances in an office space equipped with a clear window and internal Venetian blinds are compared using predictions from the present model, the Radiance program, as a benchmark model employing detailed optical model of Venetian blinds, and the Daysim program employing a simple engineering blinds model. Findings from the validation study show that the present model yields overall accurate results when compared with the benchmark model for any window orientation, although some local illuminance differences are observed in areas under direct sunlight exposure.     

天然采光模型在探索性实验中的应用与分析

为了提高学生对节能降耗的认识,掌握采光口的形状、位置与采光系数、采光均匀性之间的规律,共确定36种教室模拟模型,学生自己选择实验内容和实验模型,设计出一套科学的探索性实验方案。通过实验数据对不同采光口与采光系数、采光均匀度之间进行分析比较,得到如下3个结论：从节能方面考虑,建议教室的窗墙比大于1：3．5;从室内照明均匀度方面考虑,建议教室的窗墙比小于1：3．5;从综合性因数方面考虑,教室的窗墙比为1：3．5为最佳状态。     

Estimation of the parameters of an imminent seismic event focus by the free surface strains

Dilatancy zones generated by an active internal source of isolated force in a heterogeneous rock mass are studied. Based on the solution of an inverse problem, the method is proposed for locating and determining the source focus parameters using the measurement data on strains of the daylight surface. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 25–35, May–June, 2007.     

日光辐照对免烫羊毛织物性能的影响

探讨了日光辐照对免烫羊毛织物性能的影响.结果表明,经过一定时间的日光辐照后,免烫羊毛织物表面纤维出现部分断裂,织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力、热稳定性均出现一定程度的降低,但羊毛纤维的微观结构未发生明显变化,说明一定程度的日光辐照不会对免烫羊毛纤维的分子结构产生显著影响.