北斗三星无源定位技术

介绍了北斗双星定位系统的特点、功能、系统组成和工作原理,说明了北斗有源定位方式在应用方面的局限性。针对北斗有源定位方式不能无线电静默,和人们对具有无线电隐蔽性的卫星定位的需求,详细介绍一种北斗三星无源定位技术:包括工作原理、实现方法、定位精度分析和目前达到的定位精度。阐述了北斗三星无源定位技术的优点和应用形势。     

Planning considerations for domestic replacement satellites

Several domestic satellite systems have been more than 10 years in operation. During this time, the world has experienced a dramatic growth in communication. While the demand for more telephony and data circuits and television channels is still on the rise, new methods of signal transmission and circuit compression have been developed which may balance or reduce the need for more satellite trunk capacity. And while whole national networks are converting to digital transmission, new transmission media like optical fibre, are finding application, and may take over some of the heavy traffic routes previously carried by satellite. On the other side, business data communication between roof-top terminals, thin route traffic to remote users, television distribution by direct satellite broadcasting are becoming more popular and satellite land mobile communication may soon be a reality. Thus the domestic satellite's role appears to be slowly changing towards thin route and mobile traffic and DBS-type distribution and perhaps even radio position determination. System planners are adapting to the new trends in satellite communication and are trying to accommodate the various service payloads on a single satellite. This article discusses some aspects of the emerging multi-purpose domestic satellite, which carries fixed and mobile services, TV direct broadcasting and radio position determination, in view of network digitalization, network expansion, circuit compression, synchronization. The discussion centres on transponder supply and demand, satellite replenishment, K_u-band vs. C-band for TV direct satellite broadcasting, choice of modulation/multiple access for mobile communication, and expected accuracy in radio position determination.     

The INTELSAT VII/VIIA generation of global communications satellites

Developed primarily to provide continuation of services from the INTELSAT V satellites in the Pacific Ocean Region, this latest generation of satellites also has utility for operation in other roles. Several new technologies are combined to give cost-effective international satellite communications on a global, regional and domestic basis. This new higher power satellite will form a fundamental part of the INTELSAT global network, having been designed to match the projected traffic demands and future service requirements.     

Melanin Distribution in Human Skin: Influence of Cytoskeletal,Polarity, and Centrosome-Related Machinery of Stratum basale Keratinocytes

Melanin granules cluster within supra-nuclear caps in basal keratinocytes (KCs) of the human epidermis, where they protect KC genomic DNA against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damage. While much is known about melanogenesis in melanocytes (MCs) and a moderate amount about melanin transfer from MC to KC, we know little about the fate of melanin once inside KCs. We recently reported that melanin fate in progenitor KCs is regulated by rare asymmetric organelle movement during mitosis. Here, we explore the role of actin, microtubules, and centrosome-associated machinery in distributing melanin within KCs. Short-term cultures of human skin explants were treated with cytochalasin-B and nocodazole to target actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. Treatment effects on melanin distribution were assessed by the Warthin–Starry stain, on centrosome-associated proteins by immunofluorescence microscopy, and on co-localisation with melanin granules by brightfield microscopy. Cytochalasin-B treatment disassembled supra-nuclear melanin caps, while nocodazole treatment moved melanin from the apical to basal KC domain. Centrosome and centriolar satellite-associated proteins showed a high degree of co-localisation with melanin. Thus, once melanin granules are transferred to KCs, their preferred apical distribution appears to be facilitated by coordinated movement of centrosomes and centriolar satellites. This mechanism may control melanin’s strategic position within UVR-exposed KCs.     

基于OGC规范的多星多传感器卫星地面系统设计与实现

为解决传统卫星地面系统各业务功能单一、异构组织协作方面的不足, 提出了新型卫星地面系统的设计架构。以OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)组织制定的空间信息服务标准为核心, 分别研究了卫星地面系统各业务系统的服务化, 给出了完整的新型卫星地面系统框架体系, 并进行了原型系统的开发和相关的应用实验。结果表明, 新型的卫星地面系统有助于实现多星多传感器的动态添加和跨组织协调合作。     

多卫星协同飞行队形重构的整体优化策略

文章以整体燃料消耗少、时间短以及燃料消耗均衡为优化准则,研究多卫星协同飞行队形重构的整体优化问题。采用基于遗传算法的双脉冲路径优化策略,以燃料消耗最省和时间最短为优化指标,实现成员星的路径优化,采用0-1整数规划技术以整体性能指标最优,进行多卫星的整体队形重构规划和部署。分别以时间最短及燃料消耗最少为优化指标,兼顾燃料消耗均衡给出了2组仿真算例,对多星协同队形重构整体优化策略的有效性进行了比较分析,结果表明,从整体分配角度对多星路径进行规划,可进一步对整体性能进行优化。     

基于正交频分复用的低轨卫星移动通信同步控制系统设计

低轨卫星移动通信信息存在复用保护间隔,为实现对传输数据信息的精准定位,设计基于正交频分复用的低轨卫星移动通信同步控制系统;设置电源管理模块,初步协调BDG—MF—OS型卫星终端与ZIGBEE无线数据传输模块,将卫星通信信息反馈至网络与显示模块,实现低轨卫星移动通信同步控制系统的硬件设计;建立同步信号模型,通过信号调制解调的方式,完善待处理通信信息的复用保护间隔与循环前缀,实现正交频分复用处理的关键技术研究;分包处理通信数据,借助已知的短报文通信模式,连接同步通信协议,完成低轨卫星移动通信同步控制;与北斗型通信控制系统相比,正交频分复用技术作用下,低轨卫星的移动通信能力得到强化,较好地满足精准定位传输数据信息的实际应用需求.     

Optimal Release Control of Companion Satellite System Using Electromagnetic Forces

Electromagnetic forces generated by the inter-action of component satellites can be used to release companion satellites. Optimal release trajectories for companion satellite system using inter-electromagnetic forces were investigated. Firstly, nonlinear relative motion dynamic equations of a two-craft electromagnetic companion satellite system were derived in spatial polar coordinates. Then principles of electromagnetic satellite formation flying were introduced. Secondly, the characteristics of the electromagnetic companion satellites release were analyzed and optimal release trajectories of companion satellites using electromagnetic forces were obtained using Gauss pseudospectral method. Three performance criteria were chosen as minimum time, minimum acceleration of the separation distance and minimum control acceleration. Finally, three release examples including expansion along separation distance, rotation in orbital plane and stable formation reconfiguration were given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Results indicated that the release trajectories can converge to optimal solutions effectively and the concept of release companion satellites using electromagnetic forces is practicable.     

基于碳纳米管阴极的多光束 X 射线源技术

以碳纳米管材料作为场致发射电子源的 X 射线源是近几年国际上的研究前沿。相比传统热电子发射 X 射线源而 言,碳纳米管 X 射线源具有结构紧凑、高时间分辨、可编程发射等优势。面向静态扫描成像系统的多光束 X 射线源是 碳纳米管 X 射线源的重要发展方向之一。文章将介绍基于碳纳米管阴极的多光束 X 射线源技术。