Aerobic degradation by white‐rot fungi of trichloroethylene (TCE) and mixtures of TCE and perchloroethylene (PCE)

BACKGROUND: Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) are considered among the most important groundwater pollutants around the world. These compounds are usually found together in polluted environments but little is known about the ability of microorganisms to simultaneously degrade TCE and PCE. RESULTS: Data showed that several species of white‐rot fungi, including Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, and Irpex lacteus, degrade substantial levels of TCE in pure culture. T. versicolor was chosen for further study since it degraded higher levels of TCE than the other organisms. Initial glucose concentration and reoxygenation of samples increased the amount of TCE dechlorination, but no significant difference in percentage TCE degradation was observed. T. versicolor was able to degrade 34.1 and 47.7% of PCE and TCE added as mixtures (containing 5 and 10 mg L⁻¹, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The degradation ability of TCE was extended to other species of white‐rot fungi. Percentage degradation as well as chloride release from mixtures of TCE and PCE showed that T. versicolor degrades mixtures of TCE and PCE almost as well as its ability to degrade individually added TCE or PCE. The results suggest the potential promise of T. versicolor for bioremediation of TCE and PCE in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of tetrachloroethylene—Results of a collaborative study and the standardized method

The development, by collaborative study, of a standardized method for the determination of tetrachloroethylene in olive oils is described. The results of the study, which was carried out in 1989 under the direction of the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC), are presented and show that tetrachloroethylene can be readily determined, to an acceptable degree of precision, by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. A limited number of results obtained for the determination of trichloroethylene and chloroform by the same method indicate that a similar precision could be obtained with the method when determining these solvents also.     

干氧SiO2的氢氟酸缓冲腐蚀研究

根据对掺三氯乙烯(TCE)干氧氧化的SiO2在不同配比氢氟酸缓冲腐蚀液(BHF)中的腐蚀特性的研究结果表明, 在HF wt%保持不变的条件下,腐蚀速率先随着NH4F wt%的增大而上升;NH4F大于15wt%～20wt%以后,腐蚀速率反而随之降低.值得注意的是,干氧SiO2同湿氧SiO2相比,在1wt% HF条件下,前者的腐蚀速率要比后者高,直到HF酸浓度大于3wt%时,前者的腐蚀速率才低于后者,这一现象可用NH 4 阻挡模型结合TCE在SiO2中引入浅电子陷阱的方式得到解释.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定三氯乙烯及其脱氯产物

建立了一种同时测定水中三氯乙烯及其脱氯产物的气相色谱检测方法。采用顶空进样,毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,保留时间定性,峰面积定量。以三因子三水平正交试验法确定了最佳检测条件,各组分线性良好(R20.998),相对标准偏差3.79%~9.14%,平均加标回收率97.68%~119.18%。对氯代烯烃而言,灵敏度虽较电子捕获检测器低,但新方法操作简便、快速、干扰少、准确度也较高,能满足三氯乙烯污染修复中反应物及中间产物的检测要求。     

TCE浓度对热氧化制备6H-SiC MOS特性的影响

研究了新型SiCMOS电容的制备工艺。采用干O2+CHCCl3(TCE)热氧化方法生长6H-SiCMOS氧化层。研究了TCE浓度与SiC/SiO2界面态电荷密度和氧化层电荷密度和应力下平带电压漂移的关系,随着TCE浓度的增加,SiC/SiO2界面态电荷密度和氧化层电荷密度先减小后增大,应力下平带电压漂移减小,得出了最佳TCE:O2浓度比。     

纳米钯金铁三金属催化剂的制备及其对三氯乙烯的降解

在乙醇-水体系中利用硼氢化物液相还原法合成纳米铁颗粒,通过化学沉淀法将钯金粒子负载于纳米铁表面,得到纳米钯金铁(Pd-Au@Fe)三金属催化剂复合材料,采用TEM, EDS和XPS对其进行表征. 结果表明,与纳米单金属Fe0及双金属Pd@Fe相比,三金属催化剂对三氯乙烯(TCE)具有更高的降解能力. 保持催化剂加量1.4 g/L, Pd/Fe为0.35%(w), Au/Fe为1.0%(w)时,其降解15 mg/L TCE的速度最快,5 min时去除率为88.21%,表观速率常数为0.311 min-1,是相同Pd含量下Pd@Fe双金属催化剂的3.6倍. 随降解反应持续,Pd-Au@Fe的乙烯乙烷生成率及乙烯加氢转换乙烷速率均远高于双金属Pd@Fe.     

响应曲面法优化改性漂珠对水中三氯乙烯的吸附性能

本文对工业废弃物漂珠进行煅烧改性,制备易回收的吸附材料。以三氯乙烯作为目标污染物,研究改性漂珠吸附污染物的可行性和不同改性参数对去除污染物的影响。通过Box-Behnken设计-响应曲面法以煅烧温度、煅烧时间及粒径为影响因素,建立以三氯乙烯吸附量为响应值的预测模型,对改性漂珠进行XRD、SEM-EDS、BET等表征分析以探讨材料的吸附性能。结果表明,煅烧改性后的漂珠表面疏松多孔,比表面积增大2.4倍左右,影响改性漂珠吸附水中三氯乙烯的因素顺序依次为:煅烧时间＞煅烧温度＞粒径。模型优化的最优吸附条件为:粒径为0.25~0.38 mm,煅烧温度为640 ℃,煅烧时间为80 min,预测吸附最大值为1 326 μg/g,试验值为1 344 μg/g,两者仅相差1.4%。通过高温煅烧改性的漂珠具备更优良的吸附性能,是一种可大规模生产、以废治废、易回收的环保材料。     

2010年国内三氯乙烯市场情况及分析

分析国内三氯乙烯的市场情况,2010年年底三氯乙烯生产能力将达到30万t/a,建议计划新建、扩建三氯乙烯装置的企业要立足于原料和市场配套的优势,审慎投资。     

表面处理对HfO_2栅介质MOS电容界面特性的影响

在溅射淀积HfO2栅介质之前,采用NO、N2O、O2+CHCCl3(TCE)进行表面预处理。结果表明,预处理能改善界面和近界面特性,减小界面层厚度,尤其是新颖的TCE+少量O2的表面处理工艺,能有效抑制界面层的生长,大大降低界面态密度,减小栅极漏电流。其机理在于TCE分解产生的Cl2和HCl能有效地钝化界面附近Si悬挂键和其它结构缺陷,并能去除离子污染。     

中国三氯乙烯行业现状及发展展望

简述近几年来三氯乙烯行业的发展状况,并对未来发展提出了建议.