Behavioral depression during cocaine withdrawal is associated with decreased spontaneous activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons.

Withdrawal from an escalating-dose, bingelike regimen of cocaine administration in rats produced significantly depressed levels of locomotor activity during the nocturnal portion of the day-night cycle. This effect was observed during the first 48 hrs of testing. Extracellular single-unit recordings of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons revealed no differences between saline- and cocaine-treated rats with respect to basal firing rates. However, significantly fewer spontaneously active VTA DA neurons were encountered in rats withdrawn from binge cocaine. As with the nocturnal hypoactivity, this effect was observed only during the first 48 hrs of withdrawal. These findings suggest that short-term DA neuron dysfunction during cocaine withdrawal temporally corresponds to behavioral disruptions that are similar to those described in human addicts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pt-Au二元双金属/氧化石墨烯电化学传感器同时检测尿酸及多巴胺的应用研究

尿酸(UA)是人体最基础的代谢产物,多巴胺(DA)是一种重要的神经递质。二者同时存在于体液当中,其含量对于人体的健康有着极大的影响,因此实现快速、高效、准确的同时检测具有非常重要的意义。该文研制了一种基于Pt-Au二元双金属负载石墨烯的电化学传感器用于尿酸和多巴胺的测定,结果表明Pt-Au和石墨烯的纳米复合物对尿酸和多巴胺具有非常好的催化氧化作用,并且能实现峰的分离(ΔE>200mV),为尿酸和多巴胺的同时测定提供了有力条件。该传感器对尿酸和多巴胺同时测定的检测下限分别为1.996μmol/L和0.999μmol/L,线性范围分别为17.417μmol/L～1259.357μmol/L和2.486μmol/L～260.141μmol/L。基于Pt-Au二元双金属和石墨烯的电化学传感器具有制作简单方便,成本低廉且具有良好的重现性,用于实际样品的同时测定也得到较好的效果。     

Characterization of the Functional Cross-Talk between Surface GABAA and Dopamine D5 Receptors

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA_AR) plays a major role in fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and is highly regulated by the neuromodulator dopamine. In this aspect, most of the attention has been focused on the classical intracellular signaling cascades following dopamine G-protein-coupled receptor activation. Interestingly, the GABA_AR and dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) have been shown to physically interact in the hippocampus, but whether a functional cross-talk occurs is still debated. In the present study, we use a combination of imaging and single nanoparticle tracking in live hippocampal neurons to provide evidence that GABA_ARs and D5Rs form dynamic surface clusters. Disrupting the GABA_AR–D5R interaction with a competing peptide leads to an increase in the diffusion coefficient and the explored area of both receptors, and a drop in immobile synaptic GABA_ARs. By means of patch-clamp recordings, we show that this fast lateral redistribution of surface GABA_ARs correlates with a robust depression in the evoked GABAergic currents. Strikingly, it also shifts in time the expression of long-term potentiation at glutamatergic synapses. Together, our data both set the plasma membrane as the primary stage of a functional interplay between GABA_AR and D5R, and uncover a non-canonical role in regulating synaptic transmission.     

Application of enzymatically gelled chitosan solutions to water‐resistant adhesives

An investigation was undertaken on the application of dilute chitosan solutions gelled by tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine). The tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction with dopamine conferred water‐resistant adhesive properties to the semidilute chitosan solutions. The viscosity of the chitosan solutions increased highly by the tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction and the subsequent reactions between o‐quinone compounds and chitosan. These highly viscous, gel‐like modified chitosan materials were allowed to spread onto the surfaces of the glass slides, which were tightly lapped together and held them in water. Tensile shear adhesive strength of over 400 kPa was observed for the modified chitosan samples. The increase in the amino group concentration of the chitosan solutions and the molecular mass of the chitosan used effectively led to the increase in adhesive strength of the glass slides. In addition, in the case where the chitosan solution was gelled by the enzymatic reaction with dopamine in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol), adhesive strength sharply increased at shorter reaction times concomitantly with the increase in the viscosity of the chitosan solutions because the tyrosinase activity effectively was retained by poly(ethylene glycol). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1818–1827, 2007     

菲酐-纳米金修饰电极同时检测抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸的研究

多孔结构的3,4,9,10-茈四甲酸二酐（PTCDA）作为骨架,用抗坏血酸做还原剂制备纳米金（GNPs）,制备了高催化活性的PrC—GNPs复合纳米材料。将该材料用于玻碳电极的修饰（GCE）,制得PTC—GNPs复合材料修饰的电极（PTC—GNPs／GCE）。该修饰电极能够同时对尿酸（UA）、多巴胺（DA）和抗坏血酸（AA）进行检测。分别使用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对UA、DA和AA和在修饰电极上的电化学行为进行研究。实验结果表明,在pH=5．0的PBS缓冲体系中,该修饰电极对UA、DA和AA的线性响应范围分别为0．002～0．462mol／L、0．002～0．352mol／L和0．04～1．54mol／L。该传感在临床医学检测领域具有一定的应用前景。     

芳纶表面改性及其与丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能研究

为增强对位芳纶纤维(PPTA)与丁腈橡胶(NBR)之间的界面粘结强度,采用多巴胺(DA)-硅烷偶联剂对芳纶纤维联合改性并制备PPTA/NBR复合材料。结果表明,纤维改性后表面粗糙度增加;表面元素含量和种类都发生较大变化;在H试样抽出测试中,改性后的PPTA帘线/NBR试样抽出力相对于未改性试样增大64.02%,且黏附橡胶较多。改性后的PPTA/NBR试样,纤维含量相同时,断裂伸长率和拉伸强度相对未改性的PPTA/NBR试样增大;随着纤维含量的增加,使用同种方法处理的PPTA/NBR复合材料断裂伸长率减小,拉伸强度先增大后减小。     

多巴胺对骨修复材料表面改性的研究进展

随着骨缺损病患的日益增多,对骨修复材料的要求越来越高,寻求有效的方法使骨修复材料实现功能化,以改善材料与骨组织之间的相互作用及促进骨组织快速修复成了关键所在。海洋生物贻贝分泌的粘附蛋白在水环境中展现出超强粘附性能,能牢固附着于各种材料表面。受粘附蛋白启发,研究发现多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)具有与贻贝粘附蛋白类似的结构和性能,其具有超强粘附性、化学反应活性以及生物相容性;特别是其对骨细胞有优异的粘附、增殖效果,有望用于骨修复材料的表面改性。着重介绍了DA的主要性能以及其在骨修复材料表面改性方面的研究进展。     

Flexible Cationic Nanoparticles with Photosensitizer Cores for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications

One challenge for multimodal therapy is to develop appropriate multifunctional agents to meet the requirements of potential applications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is proven to be an effective way to treat cancers. Diverse polycations, such as ethylenediamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGED) with plentiful primary amines, secondary amines, and hydroxyl groups, demonstrate good gene transfection performances. Herein, a series of multifunctional cationic nanoparticles (PRP) consisting of photosensitizer cores and PGED shells are readily developed through simple dopamine‐involving processes for versatile bioapplications. A series of experiments demonstrates that PRP nanoparticles are able to effectively mediate gene delivery in different cell lines. PRP nanoparticles are further validated to possess remarkable capability of combined PDT and gene therapy for complementary tumor treatment. In addition, because of their high dispersities in biological matrix, the PRP nanoparticles can also be used for in vitro and in vivo imaging with minimal aggregation‐caused quenching. Therefore, such flexible nanoplatforms with photosensitizer cores and polycationic shells are very promising for multimodal tumor therapy with high efficacy.     

二茂铁功能化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其电催化多巴胺性质研究

利用氧化石墨烯片边缘的羧基和表面的环氧基团共价修饰的方法制备了二茂铁功能化石墨烯的复合材料,通过FT-IR、TEM等测试方法对复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征,二茂铁共价修饰石墨烯复合材料呈现出了良好的稳定性。我们进一步利用二茂铁功能化石墨烯修饰电极对多巴胺电化学催化性质进行研究,该修饰电极对多巴胺显示出良好的催化活性,并推测出可能的催化反应机理,当信噪比为3时,检测限达到0.01μM。     

Maternally modulated infant separation responses are regulated by D2-family dopamine receptors.

Although dopamine is necessary for mammalian adult pair-bond formation and maternal behavior, its function in infant social behavior and attachment has been less thoroughly explored. The vocalization rate of an isolated rat pup is influenced by recent social contact. Interactions with the dam potentiate vocalization rate. Interactions with littermates or adult males do not. Systemic administration of the D2-family agonist quinpirole specifically blocked maternal potentiation at doses that did not alter vocalization rate in an isolation prior to dam contact. This result was not explained by quinpirole's effects on body temperature or locomotion. The results are consistent with a role for dopamine in infant social behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)