低温球磨制备高热稳定性纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金块体材料

利用液氮球磨和真空热压技术制备纳米晶Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.8Cu(质量分数,%)合金块体材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对材料在制备过程中的固态相变、晶粒尺寸和热稳定性进行分析。结果表明,材料经过液氮球磨15 h后晶粒尺寸为37 nm,真空热压后材料晶粒保持在100 nm,热挤压后晶粒尺寸约为300 nm,热处理后晶粒尺寸保持不变。材料的高热稳定性原因在于大量合金元素和杂质元素超饱和固溶于Al基体中阻止了晶粒的长大,以及细小析出MgZn2相和Al2O3颗粒对于晶界的钉扎作用。     

Bulk nanocrystalline Al prepared by cryomilling

Bulk nanocrystalline Al was fabricated by mechanically milling at cryogenic temperature (cryomilling) and then by hot pressing in vacuum. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure evolution of the material during cryomilling and consolidation was investigated. With increasing the mill- ing time, the grain size decreased sharply and reduced to 42 nm when cryomilled for 12 h. The grains had grown up, and the colum- nar grain was formed under the hot pressing and extrusion compared with the cryomilled powders. The grain size of as-extruded specimen was approximately 300-500 nm. The reason of high thermal stability of this bulk was attributed primarily to the Zener pin- ning from the grain boundary of the AlN arising from cryomilling and the solute drag of the impurity. Tensile tests show that the strength of nanocrystalline Al is enhanced with decreasing grain size. The ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation were 173 MPa and 17.5%, respectively. It appears that the measured high strength in the cryomilled Al is related to a grain-size effect, disper- sion strengthening, and dislocation strengthening.     

纳米晶NiCrC涂层长时加热的显微组织和硬度变化

目的 探讨纳米晶NiCrC涂层长时高温条件下的显微组织和硬度演变规律。方法 采用超音速火焰（HVAF）喷涂低温球磨纳米晶合金粉末（液氮介质）制备了纳米晶NiCrC涂层,在650 ℃空气环境中对涂层进行总时长200 h的等温热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、维氏显微硬度计等方法,对涂层样品的显微组织、物相构成、晶粒尺寸和显微硬度进行了测试分析,同时对原料粉末也进行了相同条件下的对比分析。结果 NiCrC涂层显微组织的主要特征为：纳米晶金属相基体中弥散分布着细小的碳化物颗粒。在保温过程中,纳米晶涂层发生了再结晶和晶粒长大,并伴随有合金基体的脱溶及碳化物的析出、相变和后续生长等现象。该涂层显示出优良的高温热稳定性,在650 ℃保温50 h后,晶粒平均尺寸由初始态的41 nm增长至相对稳定值约100 nm。保温后涂层的硬度总体有所提升,由初始的697HV300（15 s）先升高至最大值801HV300（15 s）,而后降至相对稳定值729HV300（15 s）左右。纳米晶粉末的组织和硬度变化特点与涂层相似。结论 在650 ℃保温过程中,纳米晶NiCrC涂层中的合金相脱溶和晶粒长大导致涂层金属相基体的软化,但细小碳化物颗粒的析出强化以及由相变（Cr7C3→Cr23C6）引起的体积分数增加,不但补偿了基体的软化,而且使涂层的整体硬度有所提高。     

块体金属纳米材料成形技术研究进展

介绍了通过纳米粉体制备块体纳米金属材料方面的进展情况,重点评价了制备纳米块体和纳米涂层的主要技术特点,指出了目前制备技术中存在的主要问题.介绍了一种新的块体纳米材料制备技术--低温球磨 中低温强加工技术.对块体金属纳米材料成形技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

低温球磨制备超高强度块体纳米晶纯铝

采用低温球磨、热等静压和挤压等工艺制备块体纳米晶纯铝。分别采用透射电镜(TEM)和差热分析(DSC)对块体纳米晶纯铝的微观组织和热稳定性进行研究,并对所制备的块体纳米晶纯铝的化学成分、密度、硬度和拉伸性能进行测定,借助扫描电镜(SEM)对块体纳米晶纯铝的拉伸断口进行观察。同时,分别依据Hall-Petch公式、Orowan机制和Taylor公式定量估算细晶强化、弥散强化和位错强化对块体纳米晶纯铝屈服强度的独立贡献。结果表明:所制备的块体纳米晶纯铝的平均晶粒尺寸约为300 nm,密度为2.692 g/cm3,显微硬度为109.15HV;块体纳米晶纯铝的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达270 MPa和379 MPa,伸长率为3.2%;块体纳米晶纯铝的高强度主要可归因于细晶强化和弥散强化。     

液氮球磨Sm-Fe合金的组织演变

利用低温液氮球磨技术制备了Sm-Fe合金粉体,采用XRD、HRTEM和惰性气脉冲-红外-热导等方法对Sm2Fe17合金粉体在液氮球磨过程中的组织演变进行了研究。结果表明,液氮球磨可加速细化Sm-Fe合金粉体。球磨5 h后,Sm-Fe合金的晶粒尺寸约为10 nm,9 h后晶粒尺寸约为5 nm。Sm-Fe合金中的氮含量随着球磨时间的延长而增加,主轴转速150 r/min球磨9 h后,氮含量达1.62% (质量分数, 下同)。随着球磨时间的延长,Sm2Fe17相向非晶态转变,降低球磨转速可以延缓非晶的形成过程     

Thermal stability of nanostructured NiCrC coating prepared by HVAF spraying of cryomilled powders

Thermal stability of nanostructured NiCrC coating prepared by high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spraying of cryomilled feedstock powders was investigated.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized for characteristic analysis.Recrystallization and normal grain growth occur when isothermal treatment is performed at 923 K (0.55 TM) for up to 100 h,and the average grain size increases from initial 41 nm for as-deposited state to around 100 nm for nearly equilibrium state.Isochronal treatment at 823 K and 1023 K was also conducted for comparison.Accordingly,for 0.49 to 0.61 T/TM,the time exponent n deduced from D1/n - D1/0/n = kt increases from 0.15 to 0.30.The observed high thermal stability is attributed primarily to a Zener pinning mechanism arising from the fine Cr2O3 dispersions and the solute drag effect as well.     

低温球磨制备纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金粉末的热稳定性研究

利用液氮球磨技术制备了纳米晶Al-10Zn-3Mg-1．8Cu（wt％）合金粉体材料。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和差热分析仪（DSC）对材料在制备过程中的固态相变、晶粒尺寸和热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明，液氮球磨10h后Al—10Zn-3Mg-1．8Cu粉末晶粒达到45nm，微观应变随着球磨的进行逐渐增大。球磨过程中MgZn2和CuAl2相逐渐消失，合金元素超饱和固溶于α—Al之中。球磨粉末热处理过程中发生了回复和再结晶。球磨产生的大量微观应变和热处理时第二相的脱溶都降低了回复激活能，使回复温度下降。包括晶粒的长大、聚集位错的减少、孪晶、点缺陷和非平衡晶界等因素导致回复放热量增加。粉末晶粒的细化、细小Al2O3粒子的生成和第二相的脱溶析出则抑制了再结晶过程，使再结晶温度升高。纳米晶粒在436℃（0．77Tm）发生异常长大，合金粉末经过球磨后具备了较高的热稳定性。     

低温球磨制备纳米晶铝/铝基复合材料的研究进展和应用前景

详细介绍了国内外采用低温球磨粉末冶金法制备纳米晶铝及其铝基复合材料的研究进展。通过对比分析国内外在材料研制和工装设备研发等方面存在的主要差距,提出了国内在纳米晶铝应用研究中存在的问题、解决措施及发展方向。最后,对纳米晶铝/铝基复合材料未来的应用前景进行了展望。     

Surface passivation of nanocrystalline silicon powder derived from cryomilling

The surface passivation mechanism of nanocrystalline silicon powder was studied. The liquid nitrogen/argon was used as the medium to prepare the nanocrystalline silicon powder, using a cryomilling technology. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared spectrum were used to analyze the prepared samples, and density functional theory was used to investigate the cryomilling process. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid N2, the amorphous outer layer with N element is formed On the surface, and chemisorption caused by the formation of Si-N-Si bond leads to the surface passivation; although physisorpfion also he confirmed, the Si-N bond is steady after exploded in air for 30 days and no new bond is observed. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid At, no new chemical bond is Observed, Ar element absorbs on the surface of the prepared powder only through physisorption, and after exploded in air for 30 days, a Si-O bond can be observed obviously.