TiO2/MXene-Assisted LDI-MS for Urine Metabolic Profiling in Urinary Disease

Cancer remains an intractable medical problem. Rapid diagnosis and identification of cancer are critical to differentiate it from nonmalignant diseases. High-throughput biofluid metabolic analysis has potential for cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, the present metabolite analysis method does not meet the demand for high-throughput screening of diseases. Herein, a high-throughput, cost-effective, and noninvasive urine metabolic profiling method based on TiO₂/MXene-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is presented for the efficient screening of bladder cancer (BC) and nonmalignant urinary disease. Combined with machine learning, TiO₂/MXene-assisted LDI-MS enables high diagnostic accuracy (96.8%) for the classification of patient groups (including 47 BC and 46 ureteral calculus (UC) patients) from healthy controls (113 cases). In addition, BC patients can also be identified from noncancerous UC individuals with an accuracy of 88.3% in the independent test cohort. Furthermore, metabolite variations between BC and UC individuals are investigated based on relative quantification, and related pathways are also discussed. These results suggest that this method, based on urine metabolic patterns, provides a potential tool for rapidly distinguishing urinary diseases and it may pave the way for precision medicine.     

Probing the degenerate pattern growth of {100}<011> orientation in a directionally solidified Al-4.5 wt% Cu alloy

Degenerate pattern is a seemingly disordered morphology but it exhibits the inherently ordered crystal connected with tip-splitting and limited stability which makes it difficult to observe in the metallic system. Here we employ (100)[011] orientated planar-front seeds using directional solidification and reveal the fundamental origins of the degenerate pattern growth in an Al-4.5 wt% Cu alloy. We find that the spacing of the tip-splitting (λ) in the degenerate of the alloys followed a power law, λ∝V^−0.5, and the frequency (f) of the splitting was related to the growth velocity (V) by ƒ∝V^1.5. The dimensionless growth direction (θ/θ₀) increased monotonously and approached 0.6 with faster velocity, attributed to its anisotropy in the interface kinetics. Once growth velocity exceeded a threshold, two types of pattern transitions from degenerate to regular dendrites were proposed. One of them exhibited a random and chaotic mode and the other underwent a rotation in growth direction.     

Structure and phase-composition of Ti-doped gas atomized Raney-type Ni catalyst precursor alloys

Raney-type Ni precursor alloys containing 75 at.% Al and doped with 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 at.% Ti have been produced by a gas atomization process. The resulting powders have been classified by size fraction with subsequent investigation by powder XRD, SEM and EDX analysis. The undoped powders contain, as expected, the phases Ni₂Al₃, NiAl₃ and an Al-eutectic. The Ti-doped powders contain an additional phase with the TiAl₃ DO₂₂ crystal structure. However, quantitative analysis of the XRD results indicate a far greater fraction of the TiAl₃ phase is present than could be accounted for by a simple mass balance on Ti. This appears to be a (Ti_xNi_1−x)Al₃ phase in which higher cooling rates favour small x (low Ti-site occupancy by Ti atoms). SEM and EDX analysis reveal that virtually all the available Ti is contained within the TiAl₃ phase, with negligible Ti dissolved in either the Ni₂Al₃ or NiAl₃ phases.     

郴州某复杂硫化铅锌矿阶段磨浮试验研究

针对郴州某复杂硫化铅锌矿资源的性质特点,采用铅快速浮选后尾矿再磨再选的阶磨阶选工艺,较好地实现了铅锌的高效浮选回收。研究了磨矿方式、捕收剂和调整剂种类及用量等因素对该矿石浮选的影响,确定了最佳浮选条件,通过小型闭路浮选试验,得到了铅品位60.05%、回收率89.63%的铅精矿和锌品位47.01%、回收率88.14%的锌精矿。     

Effect of an abrupt change in pulling rate on microstructures of directionally solidified Al2O3-Er3Al5O12 eutectic and off-eutectic composite ceramics

Directionally solidified microstructures of Al₂O₃-Er₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic and off-eutectic in situ composite ceramics were explored under abrupt-change pulling rate conditions. Corresponding temperature distributions and interface locations were studied. In eutectic composition, fluctuation of eutectic spacing occurred when the pulling rate increased abruptly. A gradually increase or abrupt increase in eutectic spacing was observed when the pulling rate decreased abruptly. In hypoeutectic and hypereutectic compositions, formation of the primary phases were suppressed when the pulling rate increased abruptly from 10?µm/s to 100?µm/s, while primary phases precipitated when the pulling rate decreased abruptly from 100?µm/s to 10?µm/s. The interface altitude decreased after the pulling rate increased abruptly, but increased after the pulling rate decreased abruptly. The liquid composition restriction (around the eutectic composition) at the eutectic interface plays an important role in the suppression of the primary dendrite and coupled eutectic oxides can be obtained in off-eutectic compositions even under higher solidification rate conditions.     

Solidification morphology and phase selection in drop-tube processed Ni–Fe–Si intermetallics

Drop-tube processing was used to rapidly solidify droplets of Ni_64.7Fe₁₀Si_25.3 and Ni_59.7Fe₁₅Si_25.3 alloys. In the larger droplets, and therefore at low cooling rates, only two phases, γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si were observed. Conversely, in the smaller droplets, and therefore at higher cooling rates, the metastable phase Ni₂₅Si₉ was also observed. The critical cooling rate for the formation of Ni₂₅Si₉ was estimated as 5 × 10³ K s⁻¹. SEM and TEM analysis reveals three typical microstructures: (I) a regular structure, comprising single-phase γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and a eutectic structure between γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si; (II) a refined lamellar structure with a lamellar spacing <50 nm comprising γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si; (III) an anomalous structure with a matrix of Ni₂₅Si₉ and only a very small proportion of a second, and as yet unidentified, phase. These results indicate that there is an extended stability field for Ni₂₅Si₉ in the Ni-rich part of the Ni–Fe–Si ternary system in comparison to the Ni–Si binary system. With an increase of cooling rate, an increasing fraction of small droplets experience high undercoolings and, therefore, can be undercooled into the Ni₂₅Si₉ stability field forming droplets consisting of only the anomalous structure (III). The Fe atoms are found to occupy different substitutional sites in different phase, i.e. Fe substitutes for Ni in the γ phase and Si in the L1₂ (β₁) phase respectively.     

Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of ordered porosity metal materials formation

Ordered porosity metal materials belong to a relatively new class of porous materials named gasars. This paper presents a mathematical model of the complex physical phenomena in the production of gasars. Analyses for heat transfer, solidification kinetics and gas diffusion were coupled to describe the formation of unique gasar structure. Several criterial functions were introduced to provide significant quantitative information about the relationship between the operating technological parameters and the final structure. The computational outcomes of the numerical simulation were compared with the characteristics of real gasar ingots. The model was applied to determine the boundary conditions that would provide approximately constant physical conditions on the solidification front. The structure sensitiveness of gasars with respect to the different technological parameters is discussed.     

过冷包晶合金的相选择分析

分析了过冷包晶铁基合金、铜基合金、稀土超导乳化物、稀土木磁化合物非平衡凝固过程中的相选择现象。根据对实验结果的分析，对过冷包晶合金凝固的相选择进行了分类。探讨了过冷包晶合金凝固今后的研究方向和应用前景。     

Étude du refroidissement avec solidification d'un fluide pseudoplastique thermodépendant

Heat transfer of highly consistent shear-thinning fluids flowing in a horizontal cylindrical channel has been investigated numerically and experimentally when the outer channel wall is subjected to a constant convective heat exchange. The case considered being cooling, a possible ice deposit must be taken into account. The variation of the rheological properties with temperature must be considered as well.     

变长线扫描选择性激光烧结快速成型工艺的质量和效率优势分析

本文分析变长线扫描选择性激光烧结快速成型工艺对点扫描工艺的质量和效率优势.对二者光学系统结构作分析对比,对焦斑和线束上的功率密度作计算对比.变长线扫描系统采用的扫描方式和聚焦元件使线束宽度小且恒定,线束功率密度与点扫描焦斑的相当.变长线扫描选择性激光烧结快速成型工艺的质量优势是明显的,效率比点扫描工艺提高一倍左右.