氟化聚乙烯醇/SiO_2超疏水薄膜的制备及性能

以亲水性高分子聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体,二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米颗粒为无机填料,旋涂在玻璃表面后的PVA/SiO_2再经十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(C_(13)H_(13)F_(17)O_3Si,FAS)修饰,制备了具有超疏水性能的PVA/SiO_2-FAS薄膜。考察了PVA与SiO_2复合的比例及FAS修饰对膜疏水性的影响。用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线能谱和扫描电子显微镜分别对超疏水表面进行了结构分析和形貌表征,用接触角测量仪观察了水滴在膜表面的润湿性。结果显示,当PVA/SiO_2体积比为1∶5时,氟化PVA/SiO_2膜表面具有较好的超疏水功能,静态接触角可达151.24°,滚动角约为4°。这主要是膜表面含有低表面能氟原子及具有纳米粗糙结构共同作用的结果。     

透明超疏水表面的研究进展

对于太阳能电池系统、汽车挡风玻璃、相机镜头等光学器件,高透明性是其功能的最重要指标之一.由于这些设备经常暴露在室外,大量的灰尘污垢会严重影响其性能.透明超疏水表面由于具有优异的光学和抗污性能,在光学器材领域有着很高的应用前景.首先总结了表面润湿性理论,主要包括Young润湿方程、Wenzel润湿模型和Cassie润湿模型,通过润湿性理论指出制备超疏水表面的条件——低表面能物质和粗糙结构二者缺一不可.其次,讨论了粗糙度和透明度之间的竞争关系,通过瑞利散射和米氏散射理论,得出制备透明超疏水表面还需要同时满足材料表面粗糙度小于100 nm.然后,归纳总结了近十年来透明超疏水表面常见的制备方法,如溶胶凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、模板法、相分离等方法,并对这些制备思路和方法进行了分析,概括了这些方法当前存在的一些问题.最后,简单介绍了透明超疏水表面在太阳能电池、光学元器件、光催化材料等领域的应用,并对透明超疏水表面的未来研究方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

Q235碳钢表面SiO2/PDMS超疏水涂层的制备及防腐性能研究

目的 提高Q235碳钢的耐腐蚀性能。方法 在Q235表面先提拉聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),预固化后再次提拉含疏水气相二氧化硅的PDMS分散液,完全固化后在Q235表面构建一个SiO2/PDMS超疏水涂层。通过扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、能谱、接触角、砂纸磨损、划格试验对涂层的形貌、结构和表面性质进行分析;采用电化学工作站对涂层的耐腐蚀性和耐久性进行评价。结果 SiO2纳米粒子被镶嵌在PDMS中,在Q235表面形成了一种微纳粗糙结构,平均粗糙度为2.2 μm;涂层表面能仅为5.6 mJ/m²,接触角为152.6°;涂层机械稳定性和结合力优异,砂纸磨损15个周期及划格试验30个周期后,仍保持超疏水。电化学研究表明,在Q235表面引入SiO2/PDMS后,阻抗提升了2个数量级,电容降低了6个数量级;腐蚀电位正向移动了0.419 2 V,腐蚀电流密度降低了3个数量级;涂层对Q235的防腐效率高达99.8%,呈现出优异的耐腐蚀性。在腐蚀液中浸泡一周后,SiO2/PDMS涂层仍保持超疏水和优异的耐腐蚀性,表明涂层耐久性良好。结论 以PDMS为疏水层,纳米SiO2为填料构筑粗糙表面,通过条件控制实现防腐底层和超疏水表层间的界面融合,从而引入稳定的SiO2/PDMS超疏水涂层,提高了Q235的耐腐蚀性和耐久性。本研究为在金属表面构筑稳定的超疏水涂层提供了一种方法,有望拓展金属在恶劣环境中的应用。     

纳米晶复合涂层应用于火星玻璃盖片防尘的探索

目的制备超微结构的纳米晶复合涂层,降低火星环境中灰尘颗粒在玻璃表面的粘附,并通过翻转操作,最大限度地清除沉积的灰尘,恢复太阳能电池的发电能力。方法采用水热法和表面修饰,制备了纳米晶复合防尘涂层。通过电子显微镜、分光光度计、接触角仪和翻转除尘试验分别对涂层的微观结构、可见-近红外光透过率、表面性质和除尘效率进行了分析。结果由直径大约为27nm的ZnO纳米棒构成的独特涂层结构,使灰尘颗粒与涂层表面的接触面积相比于普通玻璃减小了一个数量级,可见光区的透过率提高了1.1%,近红外区透过率提高了0.4%。用氟化物进行表面修饰后,涂层的水接触角由25°～45°升高至155°～165°。经90°缓慢翻转,纳米晶复合涂层对50～100μm和30～50μm灰尘颗粒的清除效率分别为80%～90%和60%～70%;而在相同测试条件下,普通玻璃的防尘效率仅为37.5%和6.3%。由翻转后涂层表面灰尘的分布情况和倾斜表面上单颗粒的受力分析发现,灰尘颗粒的脱落存在滑落和滚落两种模式,高位落下的颗粒将部分动能传递给低位静止的颗粒,促使更多静止颗粒的滑落或滚落,形成"雪崩"状的特殊形貌。结论 ZnO纳米晶复合涂层不仅可以提高可见光和近红外光的透过率,还可以极大地减小与灰尘颗粒的接触面积,降低颗粒的粘附力,在不使用高压电能的情况下,经过翻转操作,清除效率可达80%以上,这将为火星上灰尘的清除提供一种安全的方式。     

飞机防冰涂料的研究进展

介绍了防冰涂料的机理以及国内外防冰涂料的研究进展,包括低表面能、形成粗糙表面结构的超疏水涂层,同时分析了将防冰涂料与热除冰技术联合使用的可行性,讨论了防冰涂料应用存在的问题,对防冰涂料的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

柱状微结构超疏水表面制备及其结霜性能研究

目的研究表面结构与化学成分对结霜性能的影响。方法以具有不同结构参数的多孔阳极氧化铝表面为模板,以高密度聚乙烯为压印热塑材料,采用模板热压法在常压下制备柱状微结构表面。分析表面形貌,测试接触角,通过结霜实验研究其结霜性能。结果柱状微结构表面经化学修饰后,获得超疏水效果。结霜过程实验显示,制备的超疏水表面初始结霜时间更晚,结霜速率更慢。结论通过改变表面结构与表面化学成分均能对表面结霜性能产生直接影响,修饰后的柱状结构表面具有较好的抑霜效果。     

超疏水表面抑制结霜研究进展

超疏水表面以其超高的表观接触角和很小的滚动角在工业中获得广泛的应用。综述了近期国内外超疏水表面在抑霜方面的研究新进展,归纳了超疏水表面的冷凝、结冰和落霜过程的过程特点和疏水性对结霜过程的影响。超疏水表面能显著延迟冷凝发生和开始结霜的时间,降低霜层的厚度。与普通表面相比,超疏水表面的霜层结构更为蓬松脆弱,可在外力作用下轻松去除,表现出较好的抑霜性能。由于部分超疏水表面在冷凝阶段丧失疏水性从而丧失抑霜性能,大大地限制了超疏水表面在抑制结霜方面的潜力。纳米结构超疏水表面较好地解决了上述问题,一部分纳米表面由于冷凝液滴的弹跳现象而表现出极佳的抑霜性能。最后,对超疏水表面研究的发展进行了展望。     

A functional and robust super-hydrophobic PCC coating based on the induced assembly of modified zirconium phosphate

Improving the permeability of concrete is one of the important measures to extend the service life of concrete. In addition, for marine engineering, sewerage projects, and so on, mechanical stability and microbial induced corrosion of concrete structures cannot be ignored. We demonstrated a method to prepare high-performance super-hydrophobic (SHP) coating using functional zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and polydopamine (PDA) as the primary materials. The micro-nano rough structures were constructed on the concrete surface by alternating organic–inorganic assembly guided by each other. The coatings' apparent morphology, composition, and structure were analyzed using various surface analysis techniques. Based on the construction of micro-nano rough structures by the induced assembly of functional ZrP, the silane treatment significantly improved the water contact angle of the coating (WCA = 154° ± 3°), and the coating exhibited relatively high wear resistance, reaching 135° WCA even after 30 friction cycles. The water absorption of the specimens treated with the SHP composite coating was reduced by 79% to treated with silane. Meanwhile, the SHP composite coating showed excellent antimicrobial and anti-ice properties, due to the role of the functional ZrP and alternating organic–inorganic assembly. It was expected that the composite coating might potentially promote and accelerate applied superhydrophobic anticorrosive coating development for marine concrete durability.     

静电纺制备超疏水表面纤维膜的研究进展

简介经典的固体表面润湿性理论,阐明了实现超疏水性的两个必要条件：低表面能表面和微一纳米复合结构。综述了当前国内外静电纺丝制备超疏水纤维膜的最新研究进展及其应用前景。     

Evaporative concentration of a microdroplet for highly sensitive detection of trace heavy metal ions in real samples

The influence of surface tension becomes more prominent as the device is miniaturized. We used this effect to enhance the detection sensitivity of trace heavy metal ions. A microelectrode array was formed along with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode and was surrounded by a super-hydrophobic layer formed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beads. When a droplet of a sample solution was placed on the sensing area, the super-hydrophobic layer repelled the solution and a spherical droplet was formed. The droplet shrank to the sensing area as the solution evaporated. Electrochemical preconcentration was then carried out with the concentrated solution. Three heavy metal ions (Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and As³⁺) were analyzed by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. A significant increase in current peaks was observed by this novel method. When a 10-µL droplet was used, the detection limit was 600 ppt for Pb²⁺ and As³⁺ ions and 900 ppt for Cd²⁺ ions. Furthermore, the effect of the evaporative concentration was enhanced by increasing the volume of sample solution. We used this device for analysis of real samples. Correlation between the values obtained by this method and a conventional method was satisfactory with correlation coefficients of 0.982 (Pb²⁺), 0.969 (Cd²⁺), and 0.936 (As³⁺). Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.