湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场分析及实验验证

湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场与应力场相互耦合作用,温度场分布受到多种因素影响,其中压力、旋转速度、润滑流量作为湿式摩擦副工作参数对其温度场的影响尤为显著。在理论分析基础上,采用有限元数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对摩擦界面温度场时空分布特性进行研究,同时研究界面温度场在摩擦副工作压力、相对转速和润滑流量作用下的变化规律。研究表明:在对偶钢片和摩擦片近外径侧更易出现高温和应力集中区,且对偶钢片相对于摩擦片更易出现温度和应力分布不均匀情况;温度场中高温集中区与应力场中应力集中区相对应,最大温度随着压力增加、相对转速增大、润滑流量减少而显著上升,该结果得到试验结果的验证。     

The Soft-Contact Method and Instruments for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Solids

A method and instruments based on it are proposed for the contact measurement of surface temperature when carrying out industrial experiments and when monitoring technological parameters.     

A direct numerical simulation of transition phenomena in a mixed convection channel flow

This study intends to provide an increased understanding of the laminar-turbulent transition phenomena for the buoyancy-assisted heated vertical channel flow during the early transient stage. The spectral method with weak formulation is applied in the direct numerical simulation. Initial disturbances consist of the finite-amplitude two-dimensional TS wave and a pair of three-dimensional oblique waves for the K-type disturbances. The results from the harmonic energy competitions of different wave modes show that for the buoyancy-assisted heated flow, the (k_x=1, k_z=1) or (1,1) and (1,0) modes would gain energy immediately and start to rise at almost the same rate. This phenomenon is different from that of the buoyancy-opposed flow, where the (1,1) mode decays slowly in the beginning until other modes gain enough energy and then it begins to grow quickly and overtakes the (1,0) mode after a short time period. These different transition patterns match with the experimental results that the flow transition is supercritical and subcritical for the buoyancy-assisted and -opposed flows, respectively. Buoyancy-assisted heated flow transition follows the general trend of an isothermal flow in the beginning, but the thermal-buoyant force is crucial in accelerating the instability and also causing notable differences during the subsequent transition process. All of the results for the vortex structures development, kinetic energy budget of the disturbances, flow visualization by tagged fluid particles, and the local temperature fluctuations are consistent in pointing to a clear pattern for the buoyancy-assisted heated flow transition.     

高温型Mo-Al2O3金属陶瓷的研制

将Mo与Al2O3粉体按摩尔比为0．3、0．4、0．5配料，混合均匀后通过粉末冶金法制成3种Mo-Al2O3金属陶瓷试样。在1800℃，2h氢气气氛中烧结后，试样的气孔率随Mo含量的增加呈降低趋势，而强度呈增加趋势。同时，随Mo含量增加，金属陶瓷中Al2O3的晶粒尺寸减小，Mo的形态从以弥散状为主转变为以连续状为主。研制的高温型Mo-Al2O3金属陶瓷测温套管（金属与陶瓷摩尔比为0．4）在真空或N2保护条件下测量高温合金熔液温度时，平均使用寿命达到100次。     

快速钨铼热电偶的测温误差

本文用热电偶误差计算的通用方法（极限误差表达法）分析了构成快速钨铼热电偶测温误差的因素，从量的角度探讨了各因素对总的误差的影响，对如何认识快速钨铼热电偶的测温精度，提出了可供参考的观点。     

Changes in seebeck coefficient of Pt and Pt 10% Rh after use to 1700°C in High-purity polycrystalline alumina

A technique is presented that enables the effects of temperature on the Seebeck coefficient to be assessed for individual wires. The technique, involving a high-resolution thermoelectric scanning rig and a nonuniform conditioning furnace of known temperature profile, was applied to 0.5-mm-diameter wires of Pt and Pt 10% Rh. Changes were observed in Seebeck coefficient when these wires were used in high-purity twin-bore insulation for up to 200 h at temperatures over the range 500 to 1700°C. Contamination from the insulation was found to be transmitted by a vaporization process, having an activation energy of 3 eV. This caused changes of up to 0.14 V · °C^–1 in Pt and 0.01 V · °C^–1 in Pt 10% Rh. Rhodium transfer to the pure Pt wire changed its Seebeck coefficient by up to 5 V · °C^–1. The consequences of both processes for thermocouple pyrometry are presented.     

窑炉用热电阻、热电偶智能温度测量板的设计

温度是影响陶瓷烧成质量的关键因素,介绍了一种适用于测量各种窑炉不同部位温度的智能温度测量板,由于该系统在不同的测温部位分别采用了热电阻和热电偶,克服了一般测温系统在连接不同的测温传感器需要更换不同的测温模板、成本高、使用不方便等不足,并具有适用性强、测温精度高等优点。     

基于电子印刷工艺的薄膜热电偶研制

薄膜热电偶由于具有体积小、热容量小及响应速度快等优点成为近年来学者们研究的重点。薄膜制备常用的方法有射频溅射法、离子镀膜法以及直流脉冲磁控溅射法等,但这些方法操作设备复杂,制作时间长,效率低,成功率低且复现性差。用电子印刷工艺制备薄膜热电偶,将Au,Pt的溶液化微纳米材料印制在基板上,印刷成为Au-Pt薄膜热电偶,该方法操作方便快捷,对电极材料污染小。通过试验证明:采用电子印刷工艺制备的Au-Pt薄膜热电偶符合Au-Pt热电偶检定规程的要求,热电偶精度高,重复性和一致性好。     

水泥企业常用热电偶的使用与维护

测温元件——热电偶热的电势大小仅和两金属的材料及两结合点的温度有关．鉴于此因素．适当的维护和维修可延长其使用寿命，减少生产成本。针对不同测量系统和不同工艺要求，介绍了四种水泥企业最常用的热电偶以及安装热电偶时所需注意事项。根据生产实践，重点介绍了热电偶的常见故障及其维护与维修方法。     

钛酸铝陶瓷热电偶保护管的试制

以工业氧化铝和钛白粉为基本原料、滑石为添加剂，采用注浆成型工艺，试制出了钛酸铝陶瓷热电偶保护管。