酶法制取龙头鱼水解蛋白及海鲜风味料的研究

研究了酶法水解龙头鱼的工艺及其水解液脱苦的适宜条件。通过正交试验确定了以水解龙头鱼蛋白为基料制备复合调味料的较优配方 ,获得口感丰富、具有浓郁海鲜风味的产品。     

Quality change in Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) surimi during frozen storage using different freezing methods

To inhibit the quality deterioration caused by the frozen storage of surimi products, this work investigated the effect of freezing methods, including raw-freezing-setting-heating, raw-setting-freezing-heating, and raw-setting-heating-freezing, on quality changes in surimi gel. The moisture loss, physical–chemical properties, and protein structure conformation of surimi gel derived from Bombay duck (BD) were assessed following frozen storage periods of 20, 40, and 60 days. The findings suggest that the raw-setting-heating-freezing method yielded optimal surimi gel properties with extended frozen storage time. Employing this approach led to a reduction in thawing loss, while cooking loss remained constant. After 60 days of frozen storage, the hardness exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, and water-holding capacity increased to 68.2%. Notably, the impact on surimi gel during the late stage of frozen storage was more pronounced throughout the formation of ice crystals, resulting in decreased disulfide bond content. Scanning hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining slices of samples following thawing and heating demonstrated that the raw-setting-heating-freezing method could better resist the effect of ice crystals in frozen storage period on surimi tissue, while the gel on setting process could delay the erosion imposed on by ice crystals during frozen storage. This study provides a scientific foundation for the industrialization on frozen BD surimi products.     

低温真空油炸龙头鱼脆条的研制

提出了低温真空油炸龙头于脆条的生产工艺。用０．１％￣０．２％,ＣａＣｌ２＋０．１％￣０．２％ＨＣｌ的去腥剂浸泡１ｈ后,再清水流动漂洗１５ｍｉｎ可有效去除龙头于的腥味及水溶性蛋白;在温度４０￣４２℃,风速３．５￣３．６ｍ／ｓ的烘道中预烘１．５￣２．０ｈ,既可保持制品质量,又可节省生产成本;在油温１０５℃、真空度０．９２ＭＰａ下油炸４０ｍｉｎ可得松脆可口的制品。     

不同冷冻策略下木薯淀粉对龙头鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

目的 探究三种冷冻策略下,即冷冻-预凝胶-熟化(Freezing-Setting-Heating,FSH)、预凝胶-冷冻-熟化(Setting-Freezing-Heating,SFH)、预凝胶-熟化-冷冻(Setting-Heating-Freezing,SHF),木薯淀粉的添加对龙头鱼鱼糜凝胶性能及品质的影响。方法 以龙头鱼为原料,通过冻藏期间的质构特性、水分含量、持水性和微观结构观察,阐明不同冷冻策略及木薯淀粉添加对其凝胶品质的影响。结果 随着冻藏时间的增加,鱼糜质构特性逐渐下降,水分含量减少。在相同冻藏时间下,淀粉的添加有利于提高鱼糜凝胶的品质,其硬度、胶粘性和咀嚼性显著提高(P<0.05),持水性显著增强(P<0.05)。其中,经60天冻藏后,SFHW(含淀粉)及SHFW(含淀粉)组样品剩余水分含量分别为48.60%和47.06%,较同一周期下未添加淀粉组及FSHW(含淀粉)组取得较好的实验效果。经微观结构观察,木薯淀粉在加热糊化过程中吸水膨胀并起到一定填充作用,添加淀粉的鱼糜凝胶解冻及复热后较未添加淀粉的样品,均具有更小的孔隙,且孔隙大小趋势为FSHW> SFHW> SHFW。结论 添加木薯淀粉并经预凝胶或熟化后冷冻对龙头鱼鱼糜凝胶品质起到积极作用,可为冷冻龙头鱼鱼糜制品提供理论支持并为其工业化生产提供可能性。     

龙头鱼海鲜调味料的制备研究

为研究龙头鱼海鲜调味料的制备工艺和配方,采用木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶(Flavourzyme)水解龙头鱼,经脱苦、减压浓缩、冷冻干燥等步骤制备龙头鱼水解蛋白;以水解蛋白为基料,采用正交试验设计,得到龙头鱼海鲜调味料的优化配方。试验结果表明:在优化的水解条件下,龙头鱼蛋白质的水解度达38.54%。采用冷冻干燥工艺得到的龙头鱼水解蛋白的收率为10.5%(以龙头鱼冰鲜品质量计)。龙头鱼海鲜调味料的优化配方是:食盐35%,龙头鱼水解蛋白7%,蔗糖12%,白胡椒粉1%,姜蒜粉3%。经感官评价,龙头鱼海鲜调味料具有自然、纯正的鱼香味,口感鲜美。