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1.
Kinema is a fermented soya bean food of Nepal and the hilly regions of North-eastern States of India. Generally, the fermentation is dominated by Bacillus spp. that often cause alkalinity and desirable stickiness in the product. The present study was undertaken in a limited number of commercial (market) kinema samples to test for the presence of foodborne pathogens and their properties. Bacillus cereus was present in numbers exceeding 104 cfu/g product in five of the tested 15 market samples. Enterobacteriaceae and coliform bacteria exceeded 105 cfu/g in 10 of the 15 samples. Escherichia coli exceeding 105 cfu/g was found in two samples. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any of the tested samples. Of 31 isolated typical and atypical strains of B. cereus, 18 representative strains were tested qualitatively for the ability to produce diarrhoeal type enterotoxin (BCET) using an Oxoid BCET-RPLA test kit. Overall, BCET was formed by 12 strains in BHIG (brain heart infusion broth +1% glucose), by seven strains on sterilized cooked rice, and by five strains on sterilized cooked soya beans. Semi-quantitative tests on BCET revealed that levels exceeding 256 ng/g soya beans, produced by single pure culture inoculation with the isolated B. cereus strains, were reduced to ≤ 8 ng/g by frying kinema in oil, a common procedure when making kinema curry. It was also shown in a mixed pure culture experiment that a kinema strain B. Subtilis DK-W1, is able to suppress growth and BCET formation by a selected toxin producing strain (BC7-5) of B. cereus. It is concluded that the traditional way of making kinema and its culinary use in curries is safe. However, for novel applications of kinema, safety precautions are advisable.  相似文献   
2.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens associated with several types of biofilm-based infections, including infections of chronic wounds. Mature staphylococcal biofilm is extremely hard to eradicate from a wound and displays a high tendency to induce recurring infections. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate in vitro the interaction between S. aureus biofilm and fibroblast cells searching for metabolites that could be considered as potential biomarkers of critical colonization and infection. Utilizing advanced microscopy and microbiological methods to examine biofilm formation and the staphylococcal infection process, we were able to distinguish 4 phases of biofilm development. The analysis of staphylococcal biofilm influence on the viability of fibroblasts allowed us to pinpoint the moment of critical colonization—12 h post contamination. Based on the obtained model we performed a metabolomics analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of infection. We identified a set of metabolites related to the switch to anaerobic metabolism that was characteristic for staphylococcal biofilm co-cultured with fibroblast cells. The data presented in this study may be thus considered a noteworthy but preliminary step in the direction of developing a new, NMR-based tool for rapid diagnosing of infection in a chronic wound.  相似文献   
3.
Herein, we report antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of a series of previously prepared (+)-tanikolide analogues. One analogue, (4S,6S)-4-methyltanikolide, displayed promising anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity with a MIC of 12.5 µg/mL. Based on the antimicrobial properties of the structurally related (−)-malyngolide, two further analogues (4S,6S)-4-methylmalyngolide and (4R,6S)-4-methylmalyngolide bearing a shortened n-nonyl alkyl side chain were prepared in the present study using a ZrCl4-catalysed deprotection/cyclisation as the key step in their asymmetric synthesis. When these were tested for activity against anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC increased to 50 µg/mL.  相似文献   
4.
研制了具有消毒杀菌、洗涤去污双重功效的液体消毒洗涤剂 ,测定了其对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果。结果表明 ,消毒洗涤剂的杀菌效果随其浓度的增加 ,作用时间的延长而提高 ;戊二醛浓度为 2 0 0× 10 -6时 ,与金黄色葡萄球菌作用 5min ,杀灭率可达 99.99%。将消毒洗涤剂在室温下放置半年 ,戊二醛分解率为 17.3 1%  相似文献   
5.
Introduction: Staphylococcal infection of endogenous origin is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who receive hemodialysis (HD). The risk of such infections in nasal carriers of the organism is well defined. Extranasal carriage of the organism at extranasal sites may pose similar risks. Methods: A total of 70 patients about to undergo internal jugular vein catheterization for HD were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Swab cultures were obtained from anterior nares, posterior pharynx, axillae, toe web spaces, and vascular access sites at baseline and 1 week later. A patient was defined as a persistent carrier when the same organism was grown in both samples. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections were assessed by blood and catheter tip cultures over a 90‐day period. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 43.71 ± 16.2 years. Persistent S. aureus carriage at anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, vascular access site, and all sites was documented in 27.9%, 11.4%, 40%, 32.9%, 4.3%, and 64.2% of patients, respectively. Fifteen patients developed S. aureus infections. Catheter related S. aureus infections (CRI) were more likely in persistent carriers than nonpersistent carriers with odds ratios (95% CI) of 10.2 (2.8–37.1), 8.6 (1.7–42.2), 17.3 (3.4–86.0), 3.0 (0.9–9.8), and 1.9 (0.2–22.4) for anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, and vascular access site carriers, respectively. The probability of developing CRI in persistent S. aureus carriers was 55% compared to none in noncarriers at 90 days (P = 0.04). Discussion: Extranasal S. aureus carriage is as significant a risk factor as nasal carriage for staphylococcal infections in patients on HD through catheters. The study is limited by lack of molecular phenotyping.  相似文献   
6.
为了找出抗菌性好又经济实用的甲壳素/长绒棉混纺织物的混纺比,采用琼脂平皿扩散法(定性)和吸收法(定量)对5种不同混纺比的甲壳素/长绒棉混纺织物进行抗菌性测试,突出抗菌性能测试方法的改进——表面活性剂的选择、接种菌液量以及涂板培养时间.实验结果表明,混纺织物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率大于大肠杆菌,而且只要甲壳素的混纺比例达到20%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率能达到99.88%,对大肠杆菌的抑菌率能达到91.2%,再提高甲壳素的比例则无法取得更好的性价比.  相似文献   
7.
目的构建噬菌体裂解基因E和核酸酶基因串联表达载体,制备高质量的大肠杆菌菌影。方法自行设计一对引物,PCR扩增PhiX174噬菌体裂解基因E,将该基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建大肠杆菌菌影的表达载体pGEX-E。在E基因基础上与辅助基因葡萄球菌核酸酶A(SN)基因串联,并插入pGEX-6P-1载体,构建双基因串联高效表达载体pGEX-E-5aaLinker-SN和pGEX-E-15aaLinker-SN,采用CaCl2法将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,制备大肠杆菌菌影。结果裂解基因E单基因及串联基因已成功插入融合表达载体pGEX-6P-1,所构建的大肠杆菌菌影表达载体pGEX-E、pGEX-E-5aaLinker-SN和pGEX-E-15aaLinker-SN,诱导后经透射电镜及活菌计数显示大肠杆菌已发生不同程度裂解,制成了大肠杆菌菌影。电镜下菌影形态完整,内容物已释放到胞外。结论已成功构建了噬菌体裂解基因E单基因及裂解基因和核酸酶基因串联基因表达载体,并制成了大肠杆菌菌影,为进一步研究菌影这一新型的疫苗及佐剂形式奠定了基础。  相似文献   
8.
In this work, Cu2O nanoparticles of a particular shape were prepared by an eco-friendly, gentle and low-cost synthetic method using lignin as a reducing and capping reagent. Structure and morphology of the Cu2O nanoparticles were characterised by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results established that Cu2O nanoparticles coated by lignin showed a particular shape. The morphology of Cu2O nanoparticles presented as some loose accumulation of particles just like broccoli, and the particle size range was between 100 and 200 nm. And, the XRD revealed the structure of crystalline of the Cu2O nanoparticles. In addition, the sterilisation of Cu2O nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also investigated. The Cu2O nanoparticles showed effective bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The antibacterial rate could get 100% after 30 min with 4.0 g/L Cu2O nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Cu2O nanoparticles were confirmed to have low cytotoxicity.  相似文献   
9.
Antimicrobial resistance, β‐lactamase activity and mecA gene of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from raw water buffalo milk and dairy products in Turkey were determined. All strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic but none was resistant to vancomycin. Of the 97 S. aureus and 35 S. intermedius strains, 9 (9.2%) and 2 (5.7%) were resistant to oxacillin and harboured mecA gene. β‐lactamase activity of 13.4% and 5.7% of S. aureus and S. intermedius strains was positive, respectively. Overall, 2.5% and 0.55% of the samples were contaminated with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus and S. intermedius, respectively.  相似文献   
10.
Inspired by the incorporation of metallocene functionalities into a variety of bioactive structures, particularly antimicrobial peptides, we endeavored to broaden the structural variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) by the incorporation of the ferrocene moiety. Accordingly, 23 ferrocene-containing mono- and bisQACs were prepared in high yields and tested for activity against a variety of bacteria, including Gram-negative strains and a panel of clinically isolated MRSA strains. Ferrocene QACs were shown to be effective antiseptics with some displaying single-digit micromolar activity against all bacteria tested, demonstrating yet another step in the expansion of structural variety of antiseptic QACs.  相似文献   
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