A simple and sensitive aptasensor with rolling circle amplification for viable Cronobacter sakazakii detection in powdered infant formula

Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne, emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes severe bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis with a mortality rate of up to 80%. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive fluorescent turn-off aptasensor with rolling circle amplification assay for viable C. sakazakii detection in powdered infant formula. The results showed that the proposed aptasensor has good performance and specificity for detecting viable C. sakazakii in pure culture and powdered infant formula samples within 3 h. Under the optimal reaction conditions, there is a linear relationship between fluorescent intensity at 490 nm and logarithmic concentration of C. sakazakii in the range of 2.7 × 10⁵ to 2.7 × 10² cfu/mL, with a limit of detection of 2.7 × 10² cfu/mL in pure culture. The proposed aptasensor achieved a recovery of 104 to 111% in pure culture, and 96 to 107% in spiked powdered infant formula samples. The proposed aptasensor does not require complicated DNA extraction steps or antibodies, and can be performed at 37°C, making it a convenient and sensitive strategy for C. sakazakii detection.     

适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶的制备及其在食品安全小分子快速检测中的应用

DNA水凝胶是具有三维聚合物网络的高保水性材料。研究人员设计了多种DNA水凝胶交联制备方法,并通过向其中引入其他功能分子或与其他类型的功能材料相互结合,构建了具有优异性能的DNA水凝胶,受到了广泛关注。适配体是基于指数富集的配体系统进化(systematicevolutionofligandsbyexponential enrichment,SELEX)技术从随机寡核苷酸文库中筛选获得的对目标物质具有良好特异性与亲和力的寡核苷酸序列。适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶具有靶向范围广、稳定性好、易于修饰、操作简单和成本低等优点,得到了广泛应用。本文概述了构建适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶的基本设计原则与分类,重点介绍了适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶在食品安全检测中的最新策略,最后,讨论了适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶面临的挑战以及对未来的展望,旨在为其在食品安全领域的应用提供参考。     

不同修饰基团的副溶血性弧菌适配体在磁性纳米颗粒表面的固定效果和反应活性研究

目的 研究副溶血性弧菌适配体的不同修饰基团对磁性纳米颗粒修饰效果和与副溶血性弧菌结合活性的影响。方法 采用一步合成法合成氨基修饰的磁性纳米颗粒,将其分别与氨基、生物素和羧基修饰的副溶血性弧菌适配体结合,通过紫外吸收间接分析适配体的固定率,并利用外加磁场分离目标物,平板涂布确定磁分离效果。结果 生物素修饰的副溶血性弧菌适配体与磁性纳米颗粒有更高的结合效率,为62.16%。在菌液浓度较低时,不同基团修饰的适配体与磁性纳米颗粒结合后对副溶血性弧菌的分离效果影响较小,但当菌液浓度为105 CFU/mL时,不同基团修饰对副溶血性弧菌分离效果差距明显,氨基修饰的适配体显示了更为优异的反应活性,分离率为69.24%,分别较生物素和羧基修饰的适配体高21.04%和16.26%。结论 氨基修饰的副溶血性弧菌适配体在磁性纳米颗粒表面固定后显示了更为优越的反应活性,为副溶血性弧菌分离和检测的相关应用研究提供参考。     

基于核酸适配体的光学纳米传感器在食源性致病菌检测中的应用

食源性疾病一直严重威胁着世界各国人民的健康,而病原菌是引起这类疾病的主要原因。快速、简单、灵敏地筛选食源性致病菌对保证食品安全具有重要意义。纳米材料因其光学特性、独特的结构和催化性能、良好的稳定性和优异的穿透性,已成为近年来光学传感研究的热门课题。作为传感器的信号转换装置和生物识别分子的负载基质,纳米材料具有比表面积大、表面自由能高、生物相容性好、表面官能团丰富等特点。适配体是通过体外筛选的短单链核酸,具有合成简单、稳定性好、亲和力高、选择性强、适用性广等优点,是生物应用中理想的分子受体。利用基于适配体的光学纳米传感器检测食源性致病菌,克服了传统检测方法的耗时费力、难以定量、不便现场检测等缺点,成为当前食源性致病菌快速检测的研究热点。因此,本文综述了食源性疾病的流行现状,基于适配体的光学纳米传感器检测食源性致病菌的最新进展,重点介绍了细菌捕获方法和传感技术,以及它们各自的优势和局限性,提出了该技术在实际应用中面临的挑战和前景,以便促进该领域的进一步发展。     

应用适体传感器检测食品中大田软海绵酸

大田软海绵酸（OA）在海产品中分布广泛,对食品安全造成极大威胁。因OA具有高毒性、小尺寸和低分子量的特性,使得其抗体的获得面临诸多困难。核酸适体SELEX筛选技术可针对小分子获得高亲和性、单一适体序列,在贝类生物毒素的检测中具备极大优势。本文对基于OA适体构建的生物传感器,如比色传感器、荧光传感器、电化学传感器等在OA快速检测中的应用进行了综述,并总结归纳了该类传感器的性能和应用潜力,讨论了适体传感器未来的发展方向,以期更好地促进其开发和应用。     

High eEF1A1 Protein Levels Mark Aggressive Prostate Cancers and the In Vitro Targeting of eEF1A1 Reveals the eEF1A1–actin Complex as a New Potential Target for Therapy

Although the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1A1 plays a role in various tumours, there is little information on its prognosis/therapeutic value in prostate carcinoma. In high-grade and castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC), the identification of novel therapeutic markers/targets remains a priority. The expression of eEF1A1 protein was determined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissue by IHC. The role of eEF1A1 was investigated in a cellular model using a DNA aptamer (GT75) we previously developed. We used the aggressive CRPC cancer PC-3 and non-tumourigenic PZHPV-7 lines. Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTS assay and eEF1A1 protein levels by in-cell Western assays. The mRNA levels of eEF1A1 were measured by qPCR and ddPCR. Higher expression of eEF1A1 was found in Gleason 7–8 compared with 4–6 tissues (Gleason ≥ 7, 87% versus Gleason ≤ 6, 54%; p = 0.033). Patients with a high expression of eEF1A1 had a worse clinical outcome. In PC-3, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 decreased cell viability and increased autophagy and cell detachment. In PC-3 cells, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 mainly co-localised with the fraction of eEF1A1 bound to actin. Overexpression of the eEF1A1 protein can identify aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The targeting of eEF1A1 by GT75 impaired cell viability in PC-3 cancer cells but not in PZHPV-7 non-tumourigenic cells, indicating a specific role for the protein in cancer survival. The eEF1A1–actin complexes appear to be critical for the viability of PC-3 cancer cells, suggesting that eEF1A1 may be an attractive target for therapeutic strategies in advanced forms of prostate cancer.     

基于核酸适配体的镉离子可视化检测方法

利用适配体对镉离子的特异性识别作用,以镉离子适配体及互补链为生物识别单元,建立基于核酸适配体的镉离子可视化检测方法,实现对自来水中镉离子痕量检测。该方法将镉离子适配体固定在微孔板上,再与适配体互补链及-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)复合物进行竞争性结合,通过HRP对底物的催化水解反应引起450nm处特征峰的变化来定量检测镉离子。结果表明:该检测体系在0.1~5.0ng/mL时具有线性关系(R~2=0.995 8),检测限低至0.5ng/mL。该方法选择性良好、操作简单、灵敏度高,并且具有较好的实用性,可用于食品安全分析和环境监测中金属离子镉的检测。     

基于二氧化锰纳米片和核酸外切酶I构建荧光适配体传感器检测氯霉素

为创建食品中氯霉素的新型快速检测方法,以二氧化锰纳米片淬灭适配体的荧光,核酸外切酶I酶切放大荧光信号,构建了检测氯霉素的适配体传感器。结果表明:在适配体浓度50nmol/L,二氧化锰质量浓度0.05mg/mL,核酸外切酶用量0.4U/μL,酶切时间50min的最佳荧光检测条件下,线性范围为0.1~80.0nmol/L,检出限为0.08nmol/L。构建的检测方法具有操作简单,检测灵敏度高的优点,并实现了在食品样品中的准确检测。     

酶联适体分析法检测葡萄酒中的赭曲霉素A

建立了竞争取代酶联适体分析方法,检测葡萄酒中的赭曲霉素A(OTA)。核酸适体和OTA特异性结合导致与核酸适体杂交的短链DNA解链,解离的DNA作为捕获元素,进一步特异性结合辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),HRP催化四甲基二苯胺(TMB)底物显色,测定A450nm与浓度的线性关系,确定OTA的检出限。考察了DNA包被浓度、杂交温度和封闭液等因素对检测的影响。结果表明,在优化的条件下,所建立的竞争取代酶联适体分析法对OTA检测有高灵敏度,检测限0.88μg/L,线性范围1~100μg/L在葡萄酒中添加时,加标回收率为92.03%~106.6%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=5)小于2.1%,此方法可用于葡萄酒中OTA的快速测定。     

Chromatographic characterisation of aptamer-modified poly(EDMA-co-GMA) monolithic disk format for protein binding and separation

The introduction of aptameric ligands onto disk-monolithic adsorbent, representing a unique strategy for convective isolation of target molecules with high specificity and selectivity, is investigated for the first time. Experimental results showed that the disk monolith possessed a good permeability of 1.67 ± 0.05 × 10^–14 m² (RSD = 3.2%). The aptameric ligand density for the aptamer-modified disk monolith was 480 pmol/uL. Chromatographic analysis of the aptamer disk-monolith efficiency showed an optimum linear velocity of 126 cm/min (≈0.25 mL/min) at room temperatures 25 ± 2°C. The theoretical number of plates corresponding to the optimum linear velocity was 128.2 with an height equivalent to the theoretical plate of 0.022 mm. The disk aptamer-immobilised monolithic system demonstrated good selectivity and isolation of thrombin from non-targets.