分光光度法测定含氯矿物中微量硝酸根

目前用于测定硝酸根的方法较多,但对于含氯矿物中微量硝酸根的测定新方法尚未见报道。基于在硫酸介质中,硝酸根对靛蓝二磺酸钠的氧化作用,使靛蓝二磺酸钠发生褪色反应,而且褪色程度与硝酸根含量呈线性关系,建立了分光光度法测定含氯矿物中微量硝酸根的新方法,并对存在的相关问题进行了探讨。该方法硝酸根在0~1.2μg/mL符合朗伯—比耳定律,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.3×103L/(mol.cm),标准偏差S=0.003 87(RSD,n=6);平均回收率可达99.3%。方法简便、快速、准确,用于含氯矿物中微量硝酸根测定,结果满意。     

葫芦脲[6]与胭脂红配合物的稳定常数

采用分光光度法研究了葫芦脲与胭脂红所形成配合物的可见吸收光谱变化,推导出吸光度与浓度变化的相关方程,确定出葫芦脲与胭脂红形成配合物的稳定常数为K=1056.1.     

Determination of green,blue and yellow artificial food colorants and their abuse in herb-coloured green Easter beers on tap

Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages worldwide. For consumer acceptance, significant factors are its taste, flavour and colour. This study determines selected synthetic green, blue and yellow food colorants in popular Easter herb-coloured green beers on tap produced in breweries on Holy Thursday. The abuse of beer colouring with Tartrazine (E 102), Quinoline yellow (E 104), Sunset yellow (E 110), Patent blue (E 131), Indigo carmine (E 132), Brilliant blue FCF (E 133), Green S (E 142) and Fast green FCF (E 143) was assessed in 11 green beer samples purchased in local restaurants. HPLC was used for the separation and detection of artificial colorants with diode-array detection and a Chromolith Performance CN 100 × 4.6 mm column with guard pre-column Chromolith CN 5 × 4.6 mm. Separation was performed in gradient elution with mobile phase containing methanol–aqueous 2% ammonium acetate at pH 7.0. The study showed that eight beers (70%) marketed in the Czech Republic contained artificial colorants (Tartrazine and Brilliant blue FCF). The concentration of colorants found in analysed green herb-coloured beers ranged from 1.58 to 3.49 mg l^–1 for Tartrazine, 0.45–2.18 mg l^–1 for Brilliant blue, while Indigo carmine was detected only once at concentration 2.36 mg l^–1. Only three beers showed no addition of the synthetic colorants. However, the levels of artificial colorants found in beers marketed in the Czech region were very low and did not show a serious risk for consumers’ health.     

超声波辅助法提取胭脂萝卜色素的工艺研究

以胭脂萝卜为原料,对超声波辅助法提取胭脂萝卜色素工艺进行优化。在单因素实验基础上,进行响应面优化实验,以提取率为指标,确定了超声波辅助法提取胭脂萝卜色素的最佳工艺条件:采用50%乙醇为浸提剂,在液料比为42.6∶1、提取时间为50min、提取温度70℃、浸提剂pH4.6时,提取率最高为75.15%;采用超声波辅助法提取胭脂萝卜色素其的提取率明显高于乙醇浸提法。     

水滑石焙烧产物对阴离子染料靛蓝胭脂红的吸附特性

碳酸根型水滑石焙烧产物对阴离子染料具有特异的吸附性能。该研究考察了两种具有不同镁铝摩尔比的镁铝复合氧化物对靛蓝胭脂红的吸附性能,并探讨了焙烧温度、投加量、初始染料浓度、溶液初始pH以及共存阴离子这几个因素的影响。结果表明经过500℃焙烧处理后的水滑石对染料的去除效果最好,去除率高达95%,平衡吸附量高达811.5 mg/g（1.74 mmol/g）;且吸附过程不受初始溶液pH和共存阴离子的影响。水滑石焙烧产物直接用于印染废水处理,脱色率达68%~84%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye using TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> impregnated activated carbon

The photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye was studied using hydrothermally prepared TiO₂ impregnated activated carbon (TiO₂: AC). A comparison between the degradation of the indigo carmine dye using commercial TiO₂ and TiO₂: AC revealed the efficiency of the title compound. The degradation reaction was optimized with respect to the dye concentration and catalyst amount. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) revealed the mineralization of dye along with colour removal. The active compound like TiO₂ was impregnated onto the activated carbon surface under mild hydrothermal conditions (<250°C, P ∼ 40 bars). The impregnated activated carbon samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Aminocarminic acid in E120-labelled food additives and beverages

An analytical method was developed for investigating aminocarminic acid occurrence in E120-labelled red-coloured-beverages and in E120 additives, with the aim of controlling the purity of the carmine additive in countries where the use of aminocarminic acid is forbidden. The carminic acid and the aminocarminic acid were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array–tandem mass spectrography (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The method was statistically validated. The regression lines, ranging from 10 to 100?mg/L, showed r^2?>?0.9996. Recoveries from 97% to 101% were obtained for the fortification level of 50?mg/L; the relative standard deviations did not exceed 3%. The LODs were below 2?mg/L, whereas the LOQs did not exceed 4?mg/L. The method was successfully applied to 27 samples of commercial E120-labelled red-coloured beverages and E120 additives, collected in Italy during quality control investigations conducted by the Ministry. The results demonstrated that more than 50% of the samples contained aminocarminic acid, evidencing the alarming illicit use of this semi-synthetic carmine acid derivative.     

Batch and bulk removal of hazardous dye, indigo carmine from wastewater through adsorption

An inexpensive adsorption method has been developed for the removal of indigo carmine, a highly toxic indigoid class of dye from wastewater. Waste materials--bottom ash, a power plant waste and de-oiled soya, an agricultural waste--have been used as adsorbents. Attempts have been made through batch and bulk removal of the dye and both the adsorbents have been found to exhibit good efficiency to adsorb indigo carmine. Under batch technique effect of temperature, pH, concentration, dosage of adsorbents, sieve size of adsorbents, etc. have been observed. The dye uptake on to both the adsorbents is found to validate Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms models. Different thermodynamic parameters, like Gibb's free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the on-going adsorption process have also been evaluated. Batch technique has also been employed for the kinetic measurements and the adsorption follows a first order rate kinetics for both the adsorbents. The kinetic investigations also reveal for both the adsorbents film diffusion and particle diffusion mechanisms are operative in the lower and higher concentration ranges, respectively. Under the bulk removal, indigo carmine has been adsorbed through the column beds of bottom ash and de-oiled soya and more than 90% of the dye material has been recovered by eluting dilute NaOH solution through exhausted columns.     

胭脂红褪色光度法测定锌镍合金镀液中的镍含量

在pH=5．4的六次甲基四胺一盐酸缓冲溶液、100℃恒温水浴中,Ni^2 能催化双氧水氧化胭脂红褪色,据此提出采用胭脂红褪色光度法测定锌镍合金镀液中的镍含量。确定了适宜的试验条件,其中测定波长为518nm。讨论了该镍催化反应的表观活化能以及杂质离子对测定结果的影响,并给出了某电镀厂碱性锌镍合金镀液中镍含量的测定结果。该方法简便,准确度高,能满足生产中快速测定的要求。     

Synthesis of C‐Glucosylated Octaketide Anthraquinones in Nicotiana benthamiana by Using a Multispecies‐Based Biosynthetic Pathway

Carminic acid is a C‐glucosylated octaketide anthraquinone and the main constituent of the natural dye carmine (E120), possessing unique coloring, stability, and solubility properties. Despite being used since ancient times, longstanding efforts to elucidate its route of biosynthesis have been unsuccessful. Herein, a novel combination of enzymes derived from a plant (Aloe arborescens, Aa), a bacterium (Streptomyces sp. R1128, St), and an insect (Dactylopius coccus, Dc) that allows for the biosynthesis of the C‐glucosylated anthraquinone, dcII, a precursor for carminic acid, is reported. The pathway, which consists of AaOKS, StZhuI, StZhuJ, and DcUGT2, presents an alternative biosynthetic approach for the production of polyketides by using a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) and tailoring enzymes originating from a type II PKS system. The current study showcases the power of using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana for efficient and rapid identification of functional biosynthetic pathways, including both soluble and membrane‐bound enzymes.