Ocular conditions and dry eye due to traditional and new forms of smoking: A review

Addiction to cigarette smoking has high prevalence rates recorded worldwide. Smoking has been linked to several life-threatening systemic conditions such as cancer, heart attack and stroke, in addition to a range of ocular pathologies. In recent years, electronic cigarettes (EC) have emerged as alternatives to smoking. ECs are nicotine delivery devices which produce an aerosol by heating, rather than combusting, a liquid which contains nicotine, flavours and preservatives. This review focuses on the association of traditional and new forms of smoking with dry eye disease, contact lens wear and four other common ocular diseases: cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and Graves’ ophthalmopathy. It is concluded that smoking and vaping appear as a risk factor for the aforementioned ocular conditions. An evidence-based, clear link between cigarette smoking, or EC vaping and ocular problems is yet to be discovered.     

基于多元质量控制限的卷烟均质化评价方法研究

为探讨多点生产卷烟产品多指标相似性评价方法,对2个卷烟品牌A（三类烟）、B（四类烟）在2009-2010年的常规质量检测数据中的三个烟气成分指标（焦油、烟气烟碱、CO）,进行相似性评价,计算其马氏相似系数和Hotelling T^2统计量．通过建立两个品牌马氏相似系数与Hotelling T^2统计量之间的曲线回归模型,确定出两个牌号各生产厂家相似性控制限的置信水平和σ倍数．结果表明：A牌号（三类烟）各生产厂家在焦油、烟气烟碱和CO三个指标上的相似性控制限置信水平为0．999999998985879,σ为6．10717174倍;B牌号（四类烟）各生产厂家在焦油、烟气烟碱和CO上的相似性控制限置信水平为0．999999999517,σ为6．224531倍．该相似性控制限的提出为多点生产卷烟产品多指标相似性评价提供方法．     

香烟包装设计技要

介绍了香烟包装设计的技术要领,指出香烟包装设计在符合烟包设计一般规律的基础上还要突显个性,烟包设计要与烟包印刷工艺相结合,并注意节能和环保.香烟的包装设计是烟草行业生产中的一项重要内容,在包装印刷领域也占有重要地位.     

Over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy: Can its impact on smoking cessation be enhanced?

Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) are efficacious smoking-cessation aids. However, only minimal increases in smoking cessation followed NRTs being made available over-the-counter (OTC), which presumably made these treatments more readily available. To better understand why the United States did not experience improvements in smoking cessation following the OTC availability of NRTs, it is useful to review factors that determine NRT's impact on smoking cessation and how these factors played out with the introduction of OTC NRT. The authors contend that for NRTs to have a greater impact on public health, increases are needed in the number of individuals making a quit attempt, the proportion using NRTs in a quit attempt, and the effectiveness of each quit attempt. Even small increases in the impact of OTC NRTs could yield significant benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality. The remainder of this article provides examples of interventions designed to target each of the aforementioned factors individually as well as examples of interventions that link increased cessation attempts, increased NRT reach, and increased NRT efficacy in order to synergistically enhance the impact of OTC NRTs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成及其在卷烟中的应用

研究了L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成反应条件,及该产物对卷烟吸味的影响。结果表明,用乙醇、丙二醇作溶剂,D-木糖或D-果糖作反应物,反应物配比为1∶3所得的Amadori产物对烟草的作用效果较明显。利用裂解-气/质联用仪（PYROLYSIS-GC/MS）测定了L-苯丙氨酸与木糖反应生成的Amadori化合物在300℃下裂解产生的多种致香成分,证实了L-苯丙氨酸与还原糖生成的Amadori化合物能改善卷烟制品的抽吸效果。     

辐照卷烟的生物毒性研究

本文阐述了~(60)Coγ射线对香烟的生物毒性的影响。用香烟烟气冷凝物做了Ames试验,人胚肺细胞遗传毒理实验,及吸烟对小白鼠生殖能力的影响实验。结果表明,吸收剂量低于10KGy~(60)Coγ辐照并不增加烟草的生物毒性。     

部分国内外卷烟主流烟气气相和粒相中挥发性、半挥发性化合物的分析

采用气质联用法对18种国内外卷烟主流烟气气相和粒相中共有的48种挥发性、半挥发性化合物进行了定量分析,研究了这些化合物在气相和粒相中的分配比.结果表明:①48种化合物中在气相中释放量较高的化合物是甲苯、柠檬烯、间二甲苯、乙苯和糠醛,在粒相中释放量较高的化合物分别是丙二醇、乙酸、柠檬烯、2-呋喃甲醇和糠醛;②有19种化合...     

气相-选择离子监测-质谱法测定卷

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