柑桔类果汁的脱苦技术

本文简要介绍了脱除柑桔类果汁苦味的一些技术,这些技术包括:代谢脱苦法、屏蔽脱苦法、吸附脱苦法、酶法脱苦、固定化细胞脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦法、膜技术脱苦、基因工程脱苦。     

柚果皮中生理活性成分研究进展

对柚果皮中黄酮类化合物、类柠檬苦素、天然色素及香精油的化学组成、分布、药理作用及应用等进行综述     

Limonoids in Pummelos [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]

Juice and seeds from 16 cultivars of mature pummelo fruits were analyzed for limonoid content. Pummelo juice contained an average of 18 ppm limonin and 29 ppm total limonoid glucosides. Compared to other juices, ptmnnelo contained very high concentrations of limonin and very low concentrations of limonoid glucosides. Limonin, nomilin, obacunone and trace amounts of deacetyhromilin were found in pummelo seeds. The 17–β-D-glucopyranoside derivatives (glucosides) of nomilin, nomilinic acid and obacunone were also present. Total limonoid aglycone concentration in the seeds ranged from 773 ppm to 9,900 ppm and total limonoid glucosides ranged from 130 ppm to 1,912 ppm.     

Stability of limonin glucoside in beverage matrices

BACKGROUND: We completed a study over a 200‐day period examining the stability of limonin glucoside formulated into three beverage matrices. RESULTS: Beverages containing limonin glucoside were found to contain limonin (0.13–20.10 mg L^?1) during their initial testing; however, these concentrations were directly attributable to the presence of contaminating limonin in the particular lot of limonin glucoside used to prepare the beverage and did not increase over the test period. Likewise, limonin glucoside concentrations did not vary significantly, with the exception of the beverage matrix that included vitamin B₂. Exposure of the vitamin B₂‐containing beverages to light resulted in a rapid reduction in the limonin glucoside content. Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance results from the analyses of pre‐ and post‐light exposed beverages suggest photooxidation of the furan moiety as the likely degradation pathway. CONCLUSION: Results from this study indicate that limonin glucoside is resistant to degradation into limonin, the stability of limonin glucoside formulated into beverages exceeds six months and that limonin glucoside should not be formulated into beverages containing vitamin B₂ unless the beverages are protected from light. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

昆虫生长发育调节剂研究的进展

介绍了对昆虫生长发育有抑制作用的苯甲酰基脲类,非萜类保的激素类似的,二酰基肼类（非甾类蜕皮激素拮抗物）以及源于楝科植物的柠檬酸类等化合物作国杀虫剂的商品化发展进程。讨论了这三类化合物对昆虫不同的作用机制,及其产品对害虫的作用活性和特点,对一些新型作用机制的杀虫剂,如昆虫神经肽抑制剂,生化合成酶抑制剂的发展前景也做了展望。     

Effect of meliaceous seed extracts on growth and survival ofSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Hexane and ethanol extracts of seeds from 10 plant species (including neem—Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) of the family Meliaceae were incorporated into artificial diet at various doses and fed to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] larvae in nochoice tests. All produced significant mortality, reduced larval growth rate, increased time to pupation, or all three, at some concentration. The two highest doses of all of the ethanol extracts caused 100% mortality before pupation, but the hexane extracts tended to be less effective.Aglaia cordata Hiern. ethanol extract was as potent as the comparable neem seed extract at virtually all levels, and its hexane extract was active at much lower concentrations than the neem extract was. The sublethal effects (slower growth and increased time to pupation) were usually detectable at lower doses of extract than mortality was.Mention of firm or product names does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA over others not mentioned.     

柠檬苦素类似物的研究与应用进展

柠檬苦素类似物主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中,是一类三萜类的物质,是植物次生代谢产物之一。柠檬苦素类化合物在抗癌、镇痛、调节体内胆固醇水平、防止动脉粥样化和除虫等方面的作用,越来越受到人们的重视。就柠檬苦素类化合物的种类、结构、分布、提取和检测、功能及其在食品中的应用等方面进行了概述。     

Simultaneous Purification of Limonin,Nomilin and Isoobacunoic Acid from Pomelo Fruit (Citrus grandis) Segment Membrane

A method was established for purification of limonin, nomilin, and isoobacunoic acid simultaneously from segment membranes of pomelo (Citrus Grandis). This method includes 3 steps, removing most impurities by macroporous resin HZ‐816, isolating limonin by High Speed Counter Current Chromatography (HSCCC), and isolating nomilin and isoobacunoic acid by semi‐preparative HPLC. Naringin was partially purified as a by‐product of this process using Sephadex LH‐20. All limonoids purified through this method reached 95% purity. The purified limonin, nomilin and isoobacunoic acid were identified according to the retention time of the standard substances using HPLC and characteristic fragment ions of LC‐MS/MS.     

超声波提取橘皮中柠檬苦素化合物的工艺研究

研究了超声波法从温州蜜柑果皮中提取柠檬苦素化合物的工艺,探讨溶剂种类及浓度、料液比、超声时间、提取温度对柠檬苦素化合物提取率的影响。通过正交实验确定其最佳提取工艺条件为:65%乙醇溶液、料液比1:30(g/mL)、超声18min、提取温度60℃,提取率为6.25mg/g。     

柑桔类果汁的脱苦技术

简要介绍了脱除柑桔类果汁苦味的一些技术。这些技术包括；代谢脱苦法、屏蔽脱苦法、吸附脱苦法、酶法脱苦、固定化细胞脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦、膜技术脱苦、基因工程脱苦。