Myopic vs. far-sighted behaviours in a revenue-sharing supply chain with reference quality effects

In this paper, we consider a dynamic supply chain where a manufacturer produces and distributes a featured product through an exclusive retailer to end consumers. The manufacturer decides the product quality and wholesale price, while the retailer sets the retail price in the presence of a revenue-sharing contract and consumers’ reference quality effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of myopic behaviour regarding the reference quality on the product quality and pricing strategies and profits of both members. Our results suggest that the manufacturer’s myopia leads to a higher quality, higher price strategy and a higher quality–price ratio which benefits consumers. Meanwhile, relative to the far-sighted behaviour, myopia results in a more quality-sensitive but less price-sensitive market demand. What’s more, we find that the manufacturer is apt to act in a far-sighted way, but the retailer isn’t always willing to cooperate with a far-sighted manufacturer. Taking myopic strategies for both members is likely to gain a high profit of the whole supply chain for a relatively high marginal contribution of product quality on demand and a relatively low revenue-sharing proportion.     

药物干预近视眼发生发展的研究现状

近视是儿童及青少年最为常见的眼部疾病。随着近视和高度近视的患病率逐年增加,高度近视及其并发症所导致的低视力及致盲的人数也逐渐增加。但近视的发生和发病机理目前并不清楚,现有的干预方法有光学和药物等措施。本文旨在总结近年来在临床和动物试验期方面讨论药物干预近视的研究进展。     

低强度红激光延缓近视临床实验分析

为了研究低强度红色激光能否有效控制近视儿童眼轴的延长,将50个8～12岁双眼近视的儿童随机分为框架眼镜联合红光组和框架眼镜对照组进行实验,3个月、6个月后随访眼轴长度、前房深度、角膜曲率、脉络膜厚度及屈光度.结果显示,红光组3个月和6个月后眼轴相对基线分别有82.5％和72.7％的近视右眼无轴性延长,而对照组近视眼100％右眼轴延长,红光组和对照组存在显著差异(p<0.0001),低强度红激光治疗有效延缓轴性近视进展.但是其他生物学参数,比如脉络膜厚度、前房深度、角膜曲率等均无统计学意义上的差别.     

Q值引导与标准化LASEK治疗低中度近视临床效果的对比研究

目的：比较Q值引导的非球面LASEK（Q-LASEK）与标准化LASEK（S-LASEK）治疗中低度近视的临床疗效。方法：使用Q-LASEK和S-LASEK两种手术方法治疗近视,其中Q-LASEK组26例（52眼）,S-LASEK组29例（56眼）。术前和术后6月检查裸眼视力、屈光度、角膜Q值和角膜球差等指标,并加以比较分析。结果：两组术后裸眼视力和残余屈光度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组术后角膜前表面Q值均朝正值方向,并且球差均有增加,但Q-LASEK组增加值ΔQ和Δ球差均明显低于S-LASEK组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：Q-LASEK和S-LASEK两种手术方法治疗低中度近视都是安全、有效的。但前者能够更好地维持角膜的形态,从而改善术后患者视觉质量。     

Are alcohol expectancies associations, propositions, or elephants? A reply to Wiers and Stacy (2010).

We provide a response to a commentary by Wiers and Stacy (see record 2009-24669-003) on our model of the alcohol–behavior link (see record 2009-09537-002). Whereas Wiers and Stacy generally supported our model, they took issue with our conceptualization of the alcohol expectancy construct. We address the major concerns of Wiers and Stacy by demonstrating that our own view is consistent with basic cognitive scientific conceptualizations of the nature of associative and propositional reasoning within a dual-systems framework. In clarifying these issues, we maintain that although the predictions presented by Wiers and Stacy are important and useful in this area, they are predictions that can be derived from our original formulation of the alcohol–behavior link. We conclude that this kind of useful debate can only aid the generation of conceptually consistent and testable models that will advance the understanding of the alcohol–behavior link. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术治疗高度近视

本对８６例１６２只眼屈光度平均为－１１．２８±５．１１Ｄ（－６００－２７００Ｄ）高度近视行准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（ＬＡＳＩＫ），术后半年视力、屈出度与术前比较，明术后视力、屈光度变化有规律性、分析影响疗效的因素，肯定ＬＡＳＩＫ术矫正高度近视有效、安全、预测性强、稳定性好，并发症少。     

长期配戴角膜塑形镜对角膜内皮细胞的影响观察

目的：评价近视眼患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜后不同时期角膜内皮细胞密度和形态的情况。方法：用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜对22例（44眼）配戴角膜塑形镜者,在戴镜前、戴镜后1年及2年作角膜内皮细胞照相观察。结果：戴镜前、戴镜后1年及2年角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（3228±168）个／mm2、（3192±172）个／mm2及（3178...     

To Eat or Not to Eat: Implications of the Attentional Myopia Model for Restrained Eaters.

The attentional myopia model of behavioral control was tested in a study of food consumption by chronic dieters. According to the model, when individuals' attentional capacity is limited, their behavior will be disproportionately influenced by highly salient internal and external cues to the exclusion of more distal stimuli. In situations that normally feature conflicting behavioral pressures, such a state of narrowed attention is likely to result in abnormally disinhibited behavior when cues promoting action are more salient and to result in abnormally restrained behavior when inhibiting cues are more salient. In addition to supporting the predictions of the model, this study provided the first evidence for enhanced behavioral control under conditions of limited attention. Participants' responses to a thought-reporting measure also provided evidence for the role played by attentional myopia in the control of eating. Implications for a broad array of regulatory successes and failures are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LASEK+MMC与SBK治疗高度近视的临床观察

目的:通过比较准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)中预防性使用丝裂霉素C(MMC)与前弹力层下角膜磨镶术(SBK)治疗高度近视的临床疗效,评价两种手术的安全性和有效性.方法:回顾我院2010年1月至2011年6月行LASEK+ MMC及SBK的高度近视病例,观察两组术后裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BSCVA)、眼压、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜haze、角膜恢复情况及并发症等.结果:两组术后3月、6月、12月裸眼视力(UCVA)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组患者术后最佳矫正视力(BSCVA)逐步稳定,特别是到术后3月、6月、12月两组BSCVA比较差异无明显统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后一月开始两组间眼压及BUT比较差异均无明显统计学意义(P＞0.05).LASEK+ MMC组术后可见1级及以下Haze,后渐减轻消退.SBK组6眼瓣下少量上皮植入.结论:LASEK+ MMC与SBK治疗高度近视相比,其安全性和有效性基本一致,并且没有高负压及角膜基质瓣的相关风险,仍然具有临床应用价值.     

Feasibility of Tc-TRODAT-1 Micro-SPECT imaging of dopamine transporter in animal retinas

In this paper, 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Micro-SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) was used for imaging dopamine transporter (DAT) in retinas and to investigate the changes of DAT in retinas of guinea pigs with form deprivation myopia. Pigmented guinea pigs aged 3 weeks were devided into form deprivation myopia (FDM) group (n=6) and normal control group (n=6). The test group wore translucent goggles randomly for 4 weeks,and both groups underwent biometric measurement (refraction and axial length) before and after the experiment.Micro-SPECT retinas imaging was performed at the 4th week after injection of 99nTc-TRODAT-1. The retinas were clearly resolved in the images. The ratio of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 uptake in the myopic retinas (11.55±2.80) was 3.64±1.40 lower than that in the control eye (15.20±1.98), and 2.35 1.05 lower than that in the fellow eyes (13.90±2.04). The results showed that 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Micro-SPECT eye imaging can be used to trace the distribution and changes of DAT in retina, and DAT in the myopic retinas were lower than that in the normal control eyes and fellow eyes. Micro-SPECT may provide a new approach for further studies on the role of dopamine system in the experimental myopia.