房屋建筑结构无损检测方法的分析与展望

通过对现有的结构无损检测方法的总结和分析,讨论了各种方法的优缺点.并结合现场测试的要求,展望结构检测技术的发展方向与趋势.     

Extracting Electron Densities in N-Type GaAs From Raman Spectra: Theory

In this paper, we present the theory for calculating Raman line shapes as functions of the Fermi energy and finite temperatures in zinc blende, n-type GaAs for donor densities between 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and 10¹⁹ cm⁻³. Compared to other theories, this theory is unique in two respects: 1) the many-body effects are treated self-consistently and 2) the theory is valid at room temperature for arbitrary values of the ratio R = (Q²/α), where Q is the magnitude of the normalized wave vector and α is the normalized frequency used in the Raman measurements. These calculations solve the charge neutrality equation self-consistently for a two-band model of GaAs at 300 K that includes the effects of high carrier concentrations and dopant densities on the perturbed densities of states used to calculate the Fermi energy as a function of temperature. The results are then applied to obtain the carrier concentrations from Fermi energies in the context of line shapes in Raman spectra due to the coupling between longitudinal optical phonons and plasmons. Raman measurements have been proposed as a non-destructive method for wafer acceptance tests of carrier density in semiconductor epilayers. The interpretation of Raman spectra to determine the majority electron density in n-type semiconductors requires an interdisciplinary effort involving experiments, theory, and computer-based simulations and visualizations of the theoretical calculations.     

探测激光超声信号的Fabry—Perot干涉仪及测试系统的研制

本文自行研制了一台Fabry—Perot干涉仪及其用于探测超声信号的测试系统。利用该系统对非光学表面的铝板和铜板实现了nm级窄脉冲激光超声信号的非接触式检测,其信噪比足以满足进一步信号处理要求。     

Scattering of waves by flaws in anisotropic laminated plates

The strip element method (SEM) is used to investigate wave scattering by rectangular flaws in anisotropic laminated plates. The plates containing flaws are divided by junctions into domains in which the SEM is applied. For each domain, SEM equations are obtained which give a relationship between the traction and displacement vector on the vertical boundaries. A set of equations which gives a relationship between the traction and displacement vector on the junctions is then obtained by assembling the SEM equations for all the domains. This set of equations is solved by using the conditions on the junctions. Scattered wave fields in the frequency domain for isotropic and composite plates with rectangular flaws are computed and discussed in comparison with results for corresponding plates without flaws. A technique for determining the length of a rectangular flaw in a plate is also presented. The results presented in this paper are of importance and could be used in the characterization of flaws in anisotropic laminated plates.     

地质雷达和瑞雷波检测公路工程质量技术研究

地球物理方法的应用,使公路工程质量检测技术变得更加简捷、高效和经济,能够有效缓解当前路况检测和公路工程维护所面临的压力.在介绍了地质雷达和瑞雷波探测法的基本工作原理的基础上,将这2种探测技术应用在公路工程质量检测中,详细介绍了它们对公路厚度、压实度、抗压强度、弯沉值、含水量、脱空区段等检测的具体实施方法和步骤,并指出了相关注意事项.分析认为,随着技术的更新和设备的完善,地质雷达和瑞雷波技术能够有效地应用到公路工程的质量检测过程中,有着很好的应用前景和推广价值.     

地球磁场对磁记忆检测信号的影响研究

对一轴类铁磁性材料进行磁记忆检测实验,研究不同检测方法对磁记忆检测信号参数的影响。研究结果显示,不同的检测方法,检测得到的试件磁记忆信号差别较大。试件上下放置时,地磁场的影响程度最大;南北向放置时,地磁场的影响程度次之;东西向放置时,地磁场的影响程度最小。     

融入类贡献抑制因子的灰度级模糊C均值图像分割

基于灰度级模糊C均值图像分割算法具有分割速度快的优势。由于无损检测图像中背景类和目标类差异较大,该算法不能有效地将目标分割出来,故提出改进的基于灰度级的模糊C均值算法。构建了一种与类大小反向相关的类贡献抑制因子表达式,将之融入目标函数后能够降低较大类对目标函数的贡献,这可避免较小类的聚类中心受较大类的影响而靠近较大类的聚类中心。最小化新的目标函数可得新形式的隶属度和聚类中心表征形式。采用类大小差异较大的无损检测图像进行试验,结果显示本文算法得到的分割图像视觉效果良好,而且指标G_mean也更高,进一步提升了基于灰度级模糊C均值算法适应能力。     

基于图像处理的株高无损测量方法研究

为了在定量化研究植物株高过程中实现无损测量,同时降低户外植物生长监测的硬件成本,方便设备安装和操作,依托立体视觉技术,提出了一种基于图像处理的株高无损测量方法.以测量棉花株高为研究对象,首先,在棉花生长无损监测系统中,通过标定后的单个摄像机获取棉花植株图像,在二维图像空间将棉花株茎简化成两个关键点坐标,然后利用摄像机参数矩阵以及对两个关键点的约束条件,获得植株在世界坐标系中的三维信息,从而获得植株高度.实验结果表明,该算法在进行植株高度测量时,其误差范围可以控制在5 mm以内,该方法是可行的、有效的.     

基于电驻波的锚杆长度无损测量方法

针对现有锚杆无损检测方法存在振动波与锚杆的耦合问题,提出了一种基于电驻波的锚杆长度无损测量方法。该方法基于传输线和天线等效原理,采用传输线上的驻波理论来测量金属锚杆长度,即扫描输入信号频率,当锚杆始端第1次出现电压最小值时,认为对应的信号波长为锚杆长度的4倍。实测结果表明,该方法耦合方便,测量效果好。