延迟破胶及强制裂缝闭合技术的研究及应用

采用延迟破胶技术,在压裂施工过程中加入不同浓度的胶囊破胶剂,利用它的延缓释放特性,使植物胶压裂液耐温、耐剪切稳定性增强,并且可以在不造成压裂液的流变性、滤失性和携砂性等过早丧失的前提下高浓度使用胶囊破胶剂。该技术与常规破胶技术相比,延缓释放率达50%,能更有效地清除液体残渣,减少压裂液对储层的伤害。同时由于有延缓破胶的特性,放喷采用相应的措施,可以降低支撑剂沉降速度,形成较好的沉砂剖面,提供高的裂缝导流能力,并且可以降低滤饼和压裂液残渣的伤害。     

制备低硫可膨胀石墨的研究

研究了以过二硫酸铵作氧化剂低硫可膨胀石墨的制备，找到了在较低温度下，制备低硫可膨胀石墨的最佳条件。即过二硫酸铵和石墨的重量比为１５％；反应温度为５５℃；反应时间为４０ｍｉｎ；硫酸浓度为９８％；硫酸与石墨的重量比为４∶１，草酸和硝酸（浓度为６５％）的重量比为７．５％时，所制得的可膨胀石墨含硫量为０．６５％，膨胀容积为２００ｍＬ／ｇ可膨胀石墨。并且，其终端产品柔性石墨具有优良的力学性能和抗氧化性能。     

光还原铁离子活化过硫酸盐系统去除水中碘海醇

过渡金属Fe2+是最经济有效且环境友好的PS活化物质,但是Fe2+易于被氧化而失去活化能力导致Fe2+/PS体系持续效果较差。为了提高Fe2+活化PS氧化降解有机污染物的效率,本论文将医学上常用的碘化X射线显影剂（ICM）的典型代表碘海醇（Iohexol）作为目标污染物,研究其在UV/PS、Fe(C2O4)33-/PS、UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS和Fe2+/PS 4种高级氧化体系中的降解,考查Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度、紫外光强和pH对UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS体系中碘海醇降解和PS活化分解的影响,并且分析体系中Fe2+浓度变化及其转化率。结果表明：4种高级氧化体系中碘海醇的氧化分解率分别为：83.8%、7.0%、98.8%、69.9%,其中,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系能够通过紫外光促进铁离子还原,溶液中对PS起活化作用的Fe2+逐渐释出,对碘海醇的降解最为高效彻底。随着Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度的增加,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中PS的分解率不断增加,而碘海醇的降解率却先增加后减少。4种不同初始Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度下（20 μM、50 μM、100 μM、200 μM）,碘海醇降解速率依次为：100 μM ＞ 200 μM ＞ 50 μM ＞ 20 μM。在UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中,Fe2+浓度均是先快速增加后缓慢下降,碘海醇的降解率、PS的分解率以及Fe2+的最高转化率均与光强正相关,与pH负相关。因此,利用紫外光还原铁离子能够极大的提高提高Fe2+活化PS效率,且体系对于光强、pH等影响因素有较强的适应能力,在水处理高级氧化领域的具有较大的应用前景。     

Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite

To realize the utilization of visible light and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutant degradation in wastewater, a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite (N-TiO₂/AC) prepared by sol-gel methods was applied in the photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation (named N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS). The results show that a synergistic effect exists between visible-light photocatalysis and persulfate activation. Compared with TiO₂/PS/VIS, the phenol degradation rate was found to be observably improved by 65% in the N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS system. This significant increase in degradation rate was mainly attributed to the following two factors: 1) The N and C doping can change the crystal structure of TiO₂, which extends the TiO₂ absorption wavelength range to the visible light region. 2) As an electron acceptor, PS can not only prevent electrons and holes from recombining with each other but can also generate strong oxidizing radicals such as ∙SO₄^– and ∙OH to accelerate the reaction dynamics. The process of phenol degradation was found to be consistent with the Langmuir pseudo-first-order kinetic model with an apparent rate constant k of 1.73 min^–1. The N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS process was proven to be a facile method for pollutant degradation with high pH adaptability, excellent visible-light utilization and good application prospects.     

Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto granular starch: Comparison on the potassium persulfate and ceric ammonium nitrate initiated system

This work was undertaken to discuss in depth the vital differences in the morphological development during synthesis, and properties of starch‐g‐poly‐(vinyl acetate) copolymers using two different initiators, potassium persulfate (KPS) and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). KPS‐initiated system gave relatively low values of grafting ratio and grafting efficiency, indicating a great tendency for the formation of poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer (PVAc). Yet, higher values were seen for the CAN‐initiated system. Transmission electron microscope observations indicated a relatively broad distribution of latex particles for the KPS‐initiated system. The surface potential of latex particles was about ?3.5 mV, which turned out to be insufficient to maintain stability of latex particles. On the other hand, a uniform particle size distribution was found for the CAN‐initiated system, as the surface potential of latex particles was 21.5 mV. Moreover, radicals on starch molecules were generated directly through a redox reaction with positively charged ceric ion. The hydrophobic PVAc chains were thus grafted on starch, resulting in an amphiphilic graft copolymer, which provides a sufficient stabilization degree as a role of surfactant to render a relatively uniform distribution of latex particles. The synthesized starch‐g‐poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers were further converted to starch‐g‐poly(vinyl alcohol) through saponification, which were subjected to evaluations regarding the biodegradation and cell culture capability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3017–3027, 2006     

次氯酸钠氧化法测定聚丙烯酰胺浓度的研究

阐述了次氯酸钠氧化法（浊度法）测定部分水解聚丙烯酰胺浓度的反应机理，研究了聚丙烯酰胺的相对分子质量、次氯酸钠溶液浓度、反应时间对吸光度值的影响，针对大庆油田杏二中三元复合驱采出水中含有碱和表面活性剂、pH值高、黏度大、富集硫化物和亚硫酸根等特点，提出采用过硫酸铵一浊度法检测三元复合驱采出水中聚丙烯酰胺浓度。     

PS协同Z型异质结2D/BiOI/g-C3N4 光催化降解四环素

以三聚氰胺为前驱体，采用简单的热聚合方法制备了超薄石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4），并用原位沉积-沉淀法在g-C3N4表面生成碘氧化铋（BiOI），复合构筑不同BiOI质量占比的二维碘氧化铋/石墨相氮化碳（2D/BiOI/g-C3N4，BICN-x）Z型异质结用以协同过二硫酸盐（PS）。通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、HRTEM、BET、UV-vis DRS对光催化剂的结构、表面官能团、形貌特征、比表面积和光学性能进行表征分析。结果表明：BiOI与g-C3N4质量比为2∶1（BICN-3）时，通过密切的界面耦合，光生电子-空穴对分离效率较高，光生e-以更快的迁移速度到达结构表面，并且在LED照射60 min内，BICN-3与PS形成的催化体系（BICN-3/PS）去除了88.2%的四环素（TC，10mg/L），降解速率是单独BICN-3的3.82倍。     

过硫酸铵防结块的研究

分析过硫酸铵防结块的原因，选择１０多种表面活性剂进行实验，观察包覆效果，以吸湿率的测定选出较好的防结剂。     

Leaching of a copper flotation concentrate with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave system

The leaching behavior of a copper flotation concentrate was investigated using ammonium persulfate （APS） in an autoclave systee. The decomposition products of APS, active oxygen, and acidic medium were used to extract metals from the concentrate. Leaching experiments were performed to compare the availability of APS as an oxidizing agent for leaching of the concentrate under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave system. Leaching temperature and APS concentration were found to be important parameters in both leaching systems. Atmospheric leaching studies showed that the metal extractions increased with the increase in APS concentration and temperature （up to 333 K）. A similar tendency was determined in the autoclave studies up to 423 K. It was also determined that the metal extractions decreased at temperatures above 423 K due to the passivation of the particle surface by molten elemental sulfur. The results showed that higher copper extractions could be achieved using an autoclave system.     

高级氧化技术降解抗生素及去除耐药性的研究进展

近年来由于抗生素滥用而导致的水污染日益严重,抗生素残留及耐药性已成为当今社会面临的最严峻挑战之一。高级氧化工艺以其快速的反应速率和良好的处理效果,越来越多地被用于治理含抗生素的废水。本文首先阐述了抗生素的污染现状;其后根据起主导作用的自由基种类,分类对比了传统高级氧化和过硫酸盐高级氧化处理抗生素及耐药性的特征,深入分析了过硫酸盐高级氧化的反应机理,重点介绍了热活化、紫外活化、零价铁及其改性活化和电活化等不同活化过硫酸盐的方式,并研究总结了这些技术用于处理抗生素及其耐药性的降解效果和进展;综合分析了目前高级氧化降解抗生素及去除耐药性的环境影响因素和存在的问题;最后对高级氧化的未来发展进行了展望。