非常规蛋白基木材胶黏剂研究现状及发展前景

介绍了动物和植物型非常规蛋白资源的种类及其制备蛋白基木材胶黏剂的研究现状和存在的问题,展望了非常规蛋白胶黏剂的发展前景。     

Valorisation of waste fractions from autohydrolysis of selected lignocellulosic materials

Non‐isothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials in aqueous media (autohydrolysis reaction) under mild conditions leads to solutions containing valuable chemicals (oligosaccharides, sugars and acetic acid) and other, undesired, compounds (belonging to the extractive and acid‐soluble lignin fractions) which have to be removed in further purification treatments. Liquors obtained by non‐isothermal autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood and corncobs under a variety of operational conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate in order to remove non‐saccharide components, and the suitability of the fraction dissolved in the organic phase was assayed for possible utilisation as an antioxidant. The yield and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extracts (measured by the α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity) showed a strong dependence on the autohydrolysis conditions. The antioxidant activity of extracts obtained under selected operational conditions compared well with synthetic antioxidants. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

马尾松木材中性脱脂工艺的研究

采用全因素试验法，对马尾松木材进行过热乙醇溶液脱脂处理，以获取马尾松木材高效脱脂工艺技术。试验结果显示：（1）脱脂温度对马尾松松脂溶出量的影响极显著，且溶出量随着脱脂温度的升高而增大；（2）脱脂时间对马尾松松脂溶出量的影响极显著，且溶出量随着脱脂时间的延长呈先增大后减小的趋势；（3）脱脂浴比对马尾松松脂溶出量的影响极显著，且溶出量随着脱脂浴比的延长呈先增大后减小的趋势；（4）利用过热乙醇溶液对马尾松木材进行脱脂，其最佳工艺是脱脂时间为130℃、脱脂时间为8h、浴比1：8。     

Comparison of copper emission rates from wood treated with different preservatives to the environment

This study describes a laboratory method for the estimation of emission from preservative-treated wood in the different situations where emissions could enter the environment for use classes 3 (not in contact with ground) and 4 and 5 (in contact with the ground, fresh water or sea water) according to OECD Guidelines. Samples of scotch pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with CCA (1% and 2%), ACQ-1900 (3% and 7%), ACQ-2200 (2%), Tanalith E 3491 (2% and 2.8%), and Wolmanit CX-8 (2%).     

Mechanization techniques for poplar development in Turkey

Annual commercial poplar wood production in Turkey is about 3.6 million cubic meters, half of which comes from hybrid poplar I-214. The poplar plantation areas of Turkey are 70% of the poplar plantation areas of the Near and Middle Eastern countries, and nearly 5% of the world. In this study, unit times of standard operations were investigated in poplar nurseries and plantations in which new mechanical technology was applied and compared with traditional methods. Analyses of unit times were made on 11 treatments for poplar nurseries and nine treatments for poplar plantations; some new methods are also recommended. Mechanization methods based on new technologies give promising results in poplar nurseries and plantations.     

引渤济锡海水输送工程

引渤济锡海水输送工程是内蒙古锡林郭勒盟恢复草原生态和实施以发展电力和煤化工为主体的褐煤开发战略的基础工程。该工程是从渤海引海水，通过辽宁省的葫芦岛市、朝阳市和内蒙古的赤峰市到锡林浩特，本阶段设计年输海水3．65亿甜。该工程将与锡林格勒盟地区待建的煤化工、海洋化工、生态工程形成新型的循环经济发展产业链。长距离输送海水是一个世界性的新课题。现研究了长距离海水输送的特点，提出了应对海水强腐蚀、海生物附着所引起的污损问题和输送过程中防泄漏和渗漏问题的工程措施，采用一条夹砂玻璃钢管管线结合隧洞和一座在线调节水库的输送海水方案，包括：设9座泵站，设计总扬程1147m海水水头，线路全长607km左右，其中玻璃钢管全长290km，直径3．2km，隧洞全长317km，输海水总成本为4．1元／m左右。引渤济锡海水输送工程的建立，标志着我国海水综合利用进入一个新的历史阶段，工程本身具有下述特点：输送海水流量、距离、扬程综合指标，世界第一；内径3．2m夹砂玻璃钢管是国内目前采用的最大管径的玻璃钢管。此外，引渤济锡海水输送工程的建设不仅能够促进锡林郭勒盟地区经济的持续发展，而且具有下述重大战略意义：一是通过“盐田置换”方式促进环渤海经济区建设；二是为发展制盐工业提供了新的发展模式；三是为我国开发内蒙古、新疆维吾尔自治区巨大的煤炭资源、恢复生态系统提供了一条新的思路。     

A methodology for assessing gamebird use of short rotation coppice

Gamebirds provide a considerable incentive to plant and manage new woodlands. The supplementary income thus generated can improve their overall value. Other studies suggest that Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) crops may provide an attractive habitat for some gamebird species and could increase the value of the crop. To investigate this, the use by pheasants and partridge of different types of SRC at one site was assessed.

A method using sand quadrats to record gamebird footprints and hence relative use was developed. Pheasant footprints were recorded more frequently in the quadrats alongside the willow coppice, whereas partridge footprints occurred more frequently alongside the poplar coppice. Footprint analysis offers a reliable method of investigating how gamebirds use different types of SRC within small areas. The results are considered in terms of the placement of short rotation coppice plantations in the landscape to improve their ecological design.     

Quantity,controls and functions of large woody debris in Midwestern USA streams

Large woody debris (LWD) can increase stream habitat heterogeneity by providing structure, altering flow patterns, enhancing sediment deposition, forming pools and retaining organic matter. In North America, the role of LWD has been studied extensively in streams of mature forests (e.g. Pacific Northwest), but few studies have assessed LWD in streams of younger forests (e.g. Midwestern USA). Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the volume and abundance of LWD in a set of Midwestern streams; (2) evaluate possible factors influencing LWD quantity; (3) identify the functional roles of LWD; and (4) compare LWD levels in the upper Midwest to those elsewhere in North America. In 2002 and 2003, we measured LWD and geomorphological variables in 15 low‐gradient streams draining previously logged watersheds in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Mean (±SE) LWD volume (0.77 ± 0.12 m³ 100 m⁻²) and abundance (33 ± 3 pieces 100 m⁻¹) were 71% and 10% lesser, respectively, than in streams of similar gradient elsewhere in North America. Channel shape (width:depth ratio) explained 30% of the variation in LWD volume (multiple stepwise regression, P = 0.015) while LWD length and length:channel width combined, explained 72% of the variation in LWD density (multiple stepwise regression, P < 0.0001). About 50% of the LWD either stored sediment or stabilized banks and 14% of the LWD formed pools, although pool density was not significantly related to LWD volume or density. LWD levels, overall, were low in upper Midwestern streams, but the relative importance of that LWD to ecosystem function may be magnified in these wood‐poor systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Woodceramics Prepared from Wood Powder/Phenolated Wood Composite

In this paper, composites were made from wood powder and its phenolated product, and then were carbonized into woodceramics. The effects of the content of the phenolated wood in the composites on the forming ability, size, density, compressive strength, volume electrical resistivity, and specific surface area of the woodceramics were investigated. It is suggested that in the preparation of woodceramics, phenolic resin can possibly be substituted totally by phenolated wood that is the main constituent of liquefied wood.     

水性木器涂料的研究进展

随着环境法规对涂料挥发性有机化合物(VOC)含量的限制,环境友好型水性涂料成为涂料工业的发展趋势。本文综述了水性木器涂料的研究进展。