自清洁外墙涂料的研究与应用

如何提高外墙涂料的自清洁能力,并使之保持较长的装饰效果一直是涂料界关注的热点。本文综述了微粉化技术、荷叶效应、气球陶瓷理论、自分层技术以及光催化效应的原理,及其在改善外墙涂料自清洁性方面的应用。     

（急）PDMS/ZrO2/SiO2超疏水辐射制冷薄膜的制备及性能

被动日间辐射制冷（PDRC）技术由于不需要外部能源、绿色清洁无污染而受到广泛关注。该文通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和二氧化锆（ZrO2）颗粒进行复合形成分散液，将其浇铸成膜后得到PDMS/ZrO2辐射制冷薄膜材料，然后通过喷涂PDMS/SiO2分散液对其进行疏水化处理制备了一种超疏水辐射制冷薄膜材料。通过优化ZrO2粒径和喷涂液中SiO2用量，薄膜表面接触角可达156.6 ° ± 2 °，滚动角为0.3 ° ± 0.1 °，呈现优异的自清洁性能。其太阳光反射率高达95.3%，红外发射率大于90%。在太阳光直射下，薄膜可实现平均9.99 ℃的降温效果。薄膜的自清洁性能使其表面不受泥土污染从而具有稳定持久的辐射降温功能。除此之外，薄膜具有优异的机械性能、耐摩擦性能以及耐酸/碱溶液和紫外光照稳定性。     

太阳能利用透光表面超疏水增透膜研究进展

透明超疏水性表面可以阻挡大气尘埃附着,减少表面反射率,提高透光率。超疏水增透膜与传统增透膜相比,具有自清洁性、低反射率和高透光性等优势。本文对增透膜和超疏水表面的基本原理进行了介绍,对比了近年来超疏水增透膜的4种制备方法（沉积法、刻蚀法、自组装法和溶胶-凝胶法）的优缺点,说明了高透光性和低反射率的超疏水表面研究进展。最后对超疏水性增透涂料的潜在应用前景进行了展望,改善超疏水增透膜的耐久性和开发适用于各种应用场合的超疏水增透膜将是未来研究的重点。     

Spray-Coating of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Advanced Applications

Superhydrophobic coatings are widely applicable, e.g., as self-cleaning surfaces or water–oil separation membranes, yet their wider usage is impeded due to costs of fabrication, size, or substrate limitation. Spray-coating is a versatile coating procedures and might offer a good solution for the fabrication of these superhydrophobic coatings, due to the fact that coatings can be fabricated on various materials in a simple, fast, and inexpensive manner. Most procedures rely on hybrid coatings of hydrophobized nanoparticles and a polymeric matrix, which have several drawbacks including the easy loss of nanoparticles and difficult waste handling. Here, the fabrication of the superhydrophobic material, called Fluoropor, for the first time, by spray-coating on various substrates including metals, tissues, concrete, and glass is presented. It is fabricated by spray-coating a mixture of a highly fluorinated monomer blended with porogens followed by photopolymerization. The superhydrophobicity of the material relies on the porous structure on the micro-/nanoscale across the bulk material and does not require any nanoparticles. Excellent self-cleaning ability of these coatings, resistance against thermal and abrasive impact, and their application as oil–water separation membranes are shown. This versatile applicability is highly promising for real-world application as self-cleaning coatings or oil–water separating membranes.     

铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷及其自洁净抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在陶瓷表面覆盖了Ce或Nd掺杂的TiO2薄膜.稀土掺杂量为Ce/TiO2=0.007,Nd/TiO2=0.003(摩尔比)时,铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷分别对甲基橙的降解率最大.稀土掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷对大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达99%,较纯TiO2光催化陶瓷的91%更高.     

火电厂凝汽器管内水垢的自动清洗技术研究

根据对火电厂的调查结果,认为管内水垢严重影响了凝汽器的运行效率;分别对自动清洗技术的清洗功能和强化传热能力进行了模拟实验,并从理论上分析了污垢厚度对真空度的影响。     

Self-cleaning glass coated with Fe~(3 )-TiO_2 thin film

1　INTRODUCTIONTheinfluenceofvariouschemicalsontheenvi ronmentisoneofthemostimportantsocialproblems .Therearemanywaystoabatethepollutionfromthechemicals .Oneofthemostpromisingtechniquesistooxidesuchchemicalsbyphotocatalysis .SinceFranketalreportedthepossibilityofusingTiO2 todecom posecyanideinwaterin 1977[1] ,therehasalsobeenincreasinginterestinenvironmentalapplicationsoftheoxide[2 4 ] .Althoughthemechanismoftitaniumdioxidephotocatalysishasbeenclarified ,therehavebeenfewsuccessfulindustr…     

Self-cleaning and colour-preserving efficiency of photocatalytic concrete: case study of the Jubilee Church in Rome

ABSTRACT

The Jubilee Church in the south-eastern outskirts of Rome is one of the first buildings constructed with super white reinforced concrete with self-cleaning photocatalytic cement. However, 16 years after the opening of the building, the self-cleaning and colour-preserving properties arising from the titania particles (TiO2) within the concrete mix are not meeting the design requirements and the concrete is showing premature evidence of decay. While the form of the decay is affecting the appearance of the building and not its structural soundness, the ageing pattern of the building's components is resulting in a high maintenance cost, one not easily affordable within the ordinary budget supported by a small parish. This study comprises the first comprehensive step in understanding the causes of the accelerated ageing pattern of the concrete, highlighting methods to improve the long-term durability of the concrete and therefore reduce the cost of its maintenance. Moreover, this research offered the opportunity to test the durability and the effectiveness of the TiO₂ in the real conditions on an actual building featuring non-standard geometries. The findings highlight how the ageing pattern directly connects with the geometry of the building and inadequate consideration of the local weathering at the design stage.     

镁合金表面自清洁、自修复防护膜研究

目的在镁合金表面制备具有自清洁、自修复功能的防护膜,实现镁合金的智能防护。方法采用提拉法在AZ61镁合金表面制备含有pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的无机-有机杂化硅膜,该膜层具有自清洁、自修复功能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征膜层表面形貌,利用接触角测量仪(CA)表征膜层的润湿性和粘附性,利用粉笔灰模拟测试膜层的自清洁功能,利用电化学工作站测试膜层的防护性能,并结合分光光度计对缓蚀剂释放浓度的检测来评价膜层的自修复功能。结果制备的膜层中含有大量pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂,且表面粗糙。水在膜层表面的静态接触角高达156.7°,而滚动角只有5°,表明膜层具有超疏水、低粘附特性,这样水滴滚落到膜层表面时,能够带走膜层表面的污染物,从而实现自清洁功能。开路电位及分光光度计测试表明,溶液pH的变化引起膜层中缓蚀剂释放,从而使膜层实现自修复。极化曲线测试结果表明,含有"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的膜层样品的腐蚀电流密度比镁合金基底样品小了接近2个数量级,其缓蚀效率可达99.36%。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果显示,含有"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的膜层阻值高达85105Ω·cm~2,且具有较持久的自修复防护能力。结论成功制备了含有pH敏感型"核/壳"纳米结构缓蚀剂的无机-有机杂化硅膜,该膜层具有自清洁、自修复功能以及优异的防护性能。