Freeze-drying and mechanical redispersion of aqueous PEDOT:PSS

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are attracting famous applications in antistatic coating, energy storage and conversion, printed electronics, and biomedical fields due to their conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, PEDOT:PSS has poor dispersion stability during long-term storage and transport. Moreover, the dried PEDOT:PSS films are insoluble in any solvent and cannot be redispersed again. In comparison to bake drying, here, a feasible strategy to achieve mechanically redispersed PEDOT:PSS with the help of freeze-drying process was reported. The redispersed PEDOT:PSS can recover not only the initial characters such as pH, chemical composition, viscosity, and particle size under similar solid contents, but also conductivity and surface morphology of treated films. In addition, the treated film exhibits self-healing properties similar to pristine film in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. This technology enables reuse and overcomes the technical problems of PEDOT:PSS dispersion, realizing real-time processing to meet variable applications.     

自愈合橡胶材料研究进展

具有自感知、自诊断、自愈合功能的智能聚合物材料是高分子科学领域的前沿材料之一。介绍了自愈合橡胶材料的自愈合机理,综述了自愈合橡胶材料的分类、特性和发展概况,展望了其应用及发展前景。     

Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self-Healing and Rapid pH-Driven Shape Memory Effect

Self-healing hydrogels often possess poor mechanical properties which largely limits their applications in many fields. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets are introduced into a network of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax (PVA/borax) hydrogels to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel without compromising the self-healing abilities. The obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 0.410 ± 0.007 MPa, an elongation at break of 1712%, a Young's Modulus of 0.860 ± 0.023 MPa, and a toughness of 3.860 ± 0.075 MJ m⁻³. In addition, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogels is higher than 90% within 10 min at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent self-healing properties, the shapeability of the hydrogel fragments is observed using different molds. In addition, the hydrogels display rapid pH-driven shape memory effects and can recover to their original shape within 260 s. Overall, this work provides a new approach to hydrogels with integrated excellent mechanical properties, self-healing abilities, and rapid pH-driven shape memory effects.     

自修复混凝土中玻璃纤维管最佳掺量的确定

在混凝土中埋入含有修复剂的中空玻璃纤维管,形成自愈合系统。纤维管的掺量直接影响到修复效果,掺加量太少不能把产生的裂缝完全修复,太多则会影响到混凝土材料的宏观性能。通过在混凝土中掺入不同体积率的中空玻璃纤维管和空白混凝土对比试验,观察对混凝土试件抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度所造成的影响,确定出中空玻璃纤维管在混凝土中的最佳掺量。     

Ce~(3+)-聚苯胺/蒙脱土复合材料掺杂环氧涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性能

采用原位插层聚合法合成了聚苯胺/蒙脱土复合材料(PANI/MMT),通过阳离子交换吸附制得了Ce~(3+)-聚苯胺/蒙脱土复合材料(Ce~(3+)-PANI/MMT).随后对所制备的样品进行表征.将PANI,PANL/MMT,Ce~(3+)-PANI/MMT粉末添加到环氧树脂中(质量分数为5%),涂覆在碳钢表面,干燥.将4种涂层浸泡在3.5%NaCl溶液中,通过电化学实验来比较4种涂层的耐蚀性能.研究结果表明,Ce~(3+)-PANI/MMT复合材料掺杂的环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好,且具有一定的自修复性能.     

海上多平台互联电力系统故障后的供电恢复策略

在电力系统出现故障后,恢复非故障区域的供电可有效提高系统自愈能力。针对应急发电机、储能装置辅助的海上多平台互联电力系统,提出了一种适用于孤岛电网故障后的供电恢复策略。首先,提出了电源恢复优化模型所考虑的4种指标:故障恢复效果、故障恢复时间成本、对非故障区域内潮流影响和启动应急发电机数量。此外,给出了具有潮流约束、网络安全约束和网络拓扑约束的故障后供电恢复优化模型。然后,将遗传算法应用于该供电恢复策略中,通过改变电力系统中开关的分合状态来调整电网的运行方式,进而恢复非故障区域的供电。最后,结合IEEE 53节点配电系统和海上多平台互联电力系统的大量仿真实验,验证了所提电源恢复策略的有效性,此外,还评估了含储能的海上多平台互联电力系统的自愈控制能力。     

基于两种双硫键自修复聚氨酯制备及性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和双(2–羟基乙基)二硫醚(DTBO)为硬段,聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)为软段,β–巯基乙醇(ME)为封端剂,制备巯基封端且含双硫键的聚氨酯(PUR)预聚物,利用巯基易氧化的特点,用H2O2/NaI进行氧化,合成分子链内和分子链端均含有双硫键的自修复交联PUR。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重/差热综合热分析仪和电子拉力试验机等手段,研究了PUR的结构及PTMG与ME的物质的量之比对PUR热性能、力学性能和自修复性能的影响。结果表明,合成的系列交联PUR都具有一定的自修复能力和良好的热性能,当DTBO和PTMG物质的量分数分别为总二元醇的40%和60%时,PUR的拉伸强度达到最大值,为2.6 MPa,在60℃热处理8 h条件的自修复率为80.8%,且该试样经三次自修复后,自修复率仍可达到50.0%。     

一种休眠机制下无线传感器网络的自治愈方法

为减少无线传感器网络(WSNs)大规模应用中出现的节点同步失效、数据丢失的问题,通过对现有WSNs应用系统的研究,提出了一种全网节点同步休眠机制下WSNs的自治愈方法.详细介绍了该方法的设计思路、实现方法及测试过程.测试结果表明:此方法可针对数据丢失和时间同步失效的节点进行节点自救,实现丢失节点的再入网、再同步,提高WSNs系统的稳定性,为WSNs的应用提供更好的条件.     

带缺陷膨润土防水毯的渗透试验

分别以自来水和0.05 mol/L的CaCl2溶液作为渗滤溶液研究带缺陷膨润土防水毯(GCL)的渗透性能。试验结果表明:自来水渗滤时,GCL的渗透系数随着缺陷直径的增大而增大,缺陷直径达11 mm时缺陷不能完全愈合,致使渗透系数超过1×10-9m/s。CaCl2溶液渗滤时,随着离子交换作用的进行,渗透系数随孔隙体积流量的增大有增大的趋势;缺陷直径小于5 mm时GCL具有一定的自愈能力,但增至7mm时缺陷不能愈合,溶液和缺陷的共同作用使得GCL的防渗性能很差。     

面向无线传感器网络的复杂适应系统分析方法

从复杂适应系统理论角度出发对无线传感器网路的自组织、自适应、主体性等特征进行了分析,认为随着传感技术、通信技术和计算机技术的飞速发展以及 MEMS 技术的日益成熟与完善,无线传感器网络将引领未来信息技术迅猛发展。而 WSN 是一个复杂的系统,依据管理科学研究方法思想,即必须把复杂系统当作复杂系统来处理,复杂适应系统理论在方法论上为研究无线传感器网问题提供了可能的思路。