Apple Polyphenol Oxidase Inhibitor(s) from Common Housefly (Musca Domestica L.)

ABSTRACT: A new natural apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor(s) from housefly ( Musca domestica L.) was discovered. Crude inhibitor (s) isolated by buffer extraction, heat treatment, and dialysis from housefly pupae inhibited the activity of apple PPO up to 90% at pH values above 5.0. Inhibition was strictly pH-dependent. The inhibitor(s) was further characterized by employing heat, freezing and thawing, irradiation, pH adjustment, and ultrafiltration studies. The potential PPO inhibitor(s) was stable to heating at 100 °C for 1 h, repeated freezing and thawing, and irradiation. The inhibitor(s) was most stable at pH around 5.0 and least stable at alkaline pH. The PPO inhibition profile of housefly during metamorphosis also was evaluated.     

Micro-computerized tomographic observation of the spinning apparatus in Bombyx mori silkworms

Silkworms and spiders have evolved complex spinning apparatus thought to use highly controlled conditions to optimize protein folding and crystallization to provide a tough fiber. Accordingly, the structure and function of the natural spinning apparatus has been studied with great attention as an interesting piece of biological engineering with potential for mimicry in an industrial process. However it is still not well understood. Here we used Micro-Computerized Tomographic equipment (mCT) to visualize the three-dimensional structure of the spinning apparatus in Bombyx mori silkworms. Multidirectional tomograms obtained by X-ray radioscopy provided valuable information on the detailed arrangement of each muscle of the silk press. It is suggested that the duct in the silk press part plays a part as an extrusion die whose cross-sectional area can be controlled by muscles to optimize applied stresses in the partially gelled silk within its lumen.     

酸、碱溶液对脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构影响

将脱脂蚕蛹分别置于清水、1%盐酸溶液和1%氢氧化钠溶液中,100℃浸泡处理20 min,采用电子光学显微分析技术观察脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构。结果表明:①清水浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀;②盐酸溶液浸泡,在蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀的同时,有蛋白的部分分解;③氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀,蛋白质溶解,并伴有部分蛋白的分解。碱对蛋白层与甲壳层的层间有劈开作用。碱液能实现蛋白层与甲壳层的剥离。     

Different feeding and gustatory responses to ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone by larvae of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

The feeding and gustatory responses to ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were investigated in the silkworm,Bombyx mori. 20-Hydroxyecdysone reduced feeding response strongly in fourth- and fifth-instar larvae, whereas ecdysone had no effect on feeding response. 20-Hydroxyecdysone stimulated the R receptor, the receptor to feeding deterrents, to a great degree. By contrast, ecdysone was much less effective for stimulating the R receptor. These results indicate that ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone have different effects on feeding response due to different interactions with mouthpart chemoreceptors.     

氟吗啉对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价

研究了氟吗啉对家蚕的胃毒、触杀、熏蒸毒性，并进行安全性评价。试验结果表明：氟吗啉对家蚕2龄起蚕胃毒毒性的LC50为10548．4mg／L；对家蚕触杀毒性的结果为10000．0mg/L浓度以下对2龄起蚕没有毒性作用；对家蚕熏蒸毒性的结果为10000．0mg／L浓度以下对2龄起蚕没有毒性作用。与氟吗啉的推荐使用剂量100-200mg/kg相比，氟吗啉对家蚕安全，对家蚕毒性为“低毒”。     

Preparation and characterization of PEGDE crosslinked silk fibroin film

To obtain water-insoluble silk fibroin(SF) materials, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(PEG-DE) was selected as a crosslinking agent to prepare SF films(blends). The reaction conditions were optimized for the crosslinking of the SF molecules. The hot water stability of the blends was measured using BCA protein assay and gravimetric analysis. The molecular conformation and crystalline structure of the blends were analyzed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. When the mass ratio of SF:PEG-DE was 1.0:0.8, the hot water loss rate of the SF blends was minimized. PEG-DE could induce SF molecules to form β-sheets during the gel reaction process, resulting in improved crystallinity and hot water dissolved resistance of the blend films. In order to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of the chemical reagents used to crosslink SF, L929 cells were seeded on the blend film(SF:PEG-DE = 1:1) and cultured for 3 days. Cells of L929 readily adhered and spread in the fusiform on the blend film resulting in high cell viability. The extracted liquid from the SF porous film did not inhibit cell proliferation, as estimated by the MTT assay.     

丝画制作工艺

熟蚕在二维结构中吐丝，编织成平板丝代替宣纸，创作书画；或事先在模板上加贴已剪好的字画，让熟蚕在模板上吐丝编织，均可制成工艺丝画。文中介绍了丝画的制作工艺，其中包括材料置备、工艺流程及注意事项等。     

蚕沙叶绿素铜配合物与DNA的相互作用

文章从蚕沙中提取出叶绿素(CHL),并由此制备得到了蚕沙叶绿素铜配合物(Cu-CHL)。采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验研究了在白炽灯光照下Cu-CHL对pBR 322 DNA的切割能力。实验结果表明铜叶绿素对pBR 322 DNA具有光断裂能力,最佳断裂浓度范围为178.5～357μM。并采用紫外光谱、CD光谱和粘度法探讨了二者的结合模式,结果显示其为外部结合模式,结合常数为2.04×106m-1。     

蚕蛹蛋白挥发性成分分析及体外消化特性研究

本文以碱溶酸沉提取的蚕蛹蛋白为原材料,采用GC-MS比较了烘干与冻干两种蚕蛹蛋白挥发性成分,同时研究了热处理温度及时间,不同处理方式对蚕蛹蛋白体外消化率的影响。试验结果表明:从烘干蚕蛹蛋白和冻干蚕蛹蛋白中分别鉴定出26种和35种挥发性化合物,蚕蛹蛋白中挥发性物质主要为醛类化合物,而其臭味主要来源于醇类化合物和硫化物,且含量较少,亦与部分醛类化合物有关;热处理可显著提高蚕蛹蛋白体外消化率(p0.05),不同处理方式下蚕蛹蛋白体外消化率高低依次为辐照(10 k Gy)蒸煮(100℃,1 h)微波(700 W,3 min)蒸煮(100℃,20 min)干热(130℃,1 h)未处理,热处理60 min后,蚕蛹蛋白胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性值(TIA)仅为14.52%,胰蛋白酶被抑制百分比下降到38.37%。