柴达木盆地北缘的右行走滑冲断系统及其动力学

通过对于断裂系统分析和地球物理资料的解释,证实了柴达木盆地北缘西段的主要构造形成时间为上新世以后,变形样式为一系列右行走滑冲断构造。走滑冲断构造带内部的断层在平面上呈分支复合,剖面上表现为正花状构造,断层上、下盘地层层序无法直接对比。右行走滑冲断构造形成于南祁连由北向南的斜向推覆作用,而主要应力来源于柴达木地块北缘由南向北的陆内俯冲作用。用一个运动学模型解释了柴北缘的右行走滑冲断作用机制。     

Simulation of Climate Change Effects on Hydropower Operations in Mountain Headwater Lakes,New Zealand

Future climate change is expected to have wide ranging impacts on the hydrology of mountain rivers because of changes in the magnitudes and timing of rain and snow, as well as the significant spatial variability of topography and other catchment characteristics. In New Zealand, hydropower generation in mountain basins is the primary source of electricity and renewable energy resource in the country. The goal of this study was to simulate and evaluate the potential effects of climate change on hydropower operations in three mountain headwater lakes (lakes Pukaki, Tekapo, and Ohau) in the Upper Waitaki Basin of the central South Island. The TopNet hydrological model was used to estimate catchment runoff and lake inflows based on the 1990s (baseline), 2040s, and 2090s periods. Average temperature and precipitation results from an ensemble of 12 Global Circulation Models based on the IPCC 4th Assessment Report A1B emissions scenario were used as input to TopNet. Linked hydropower lake water balance models were developed and used to simulate hydropower operations including discharge, hydroelectric power generation, and spill based on TopNet future inflow predictions, projected electricity demand, and lake storage and outflow characteristics. Our results indicate that annual lake inflows increase under future climate scenarios, but that there are seasonal effects with increasing flows in winter and early spring, and summer flows decreasing somewhat as a result of increasing temperatures and greater winter rain with less snow. Although overall hydropower generation can increase with the increasing flows and projected electricity demand, the seasonal changes result in demand being met in winter and spring with potential shortfalls in summer and autumn. Maximum annual generation can be achieved for some generating stations, but generation will decrease at other stations and more spill will likely be required through the 2090s because of the seasonal changes. Therefore flood and drought risk could also increase for downstream areas. Results also indicate that by the 2090s electricity demand could exceed generation capacity for these headwater lakes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江大保护与流域生态学

长江经济带发展的基本点是"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"。在梳理了长江流域主要生态环境问题基础上,从长江大保护的核心是统筹山水林田湖草、山水林田湖草生命共同体即是流域生态系统、流域生态系统是典型的集合生态系统的角度,论述了长江大保护与流域生态学的关系,并从科学研究、规划管理及教育宣传等方面展开思考提出建议,为实现长江大保护的国家需求提供服务。     

浅述宁夏大地构造单元划分

宁夏大地构造单元的划分是在系统收集与综合已有研究成果的基础上,对宁夏区内沉积建造构造、侵入岩浆构造、变质建造构造和大型变形构造等进行了分析研究,对宁夏稳定陆块区和造山系的特点进行了综合研究,对宁夏大地构造单元进行了较为合理的划分和充分的表达.而大地构造单元的划分主要服务于成矿区带的划分和成矿规律的研究.以龙首山—六盘山断裂为界,将宁夏大地构造单元划分出华北陆块区和秦祁昆造山系2个Ⅰ级构造单元;鄂尔多斯陆块和北祁连弧盆系2个Ⅱ级构造单元;鄂尔多斯盆地、贺兰山被动陆缘盆地、走廊弧后盆地和走廊南山岛弧4个Ⅲ级构造单元;盐池—彭阳坳陷、贺兰山被动陆缘裂陷带、银川新生代断陷盆地、鄂尔多斯西缘被动陆缘坳陷、阿拉善南缘前陆盆地、香山弧后盆地、南山东端火山弧、南山东端弧背盆地8个Ⅳ级构造单元.为宁夏矿产资源潜力评价提供了可靠的基础地质背景资料及下一步的找矿工作奠定了理论基础.     

基于支持向量机(SVM)的祁连山典型小流域日降水-径流模拟研究

及时准确的日径流预测在流域水资源的合理规划、利用及管理中具有十分重要的作用。本文以支持向量机(SVM)模型为基础,以祁连山典型小流域-排露沟流域为研究区域,建立了流域日降水-径流模型,对流域未来1~7 d的日径流量进行了模拟预测。为检验SVM模型的有效性,模拟结果与人工神经网络(ANN)模型预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:SVM和ANN均表现出了很高的精度;但相比于传统的ANN模型,SVM模型的预测精度显著提高。表明SVM模型在半干旱山区小流域径流预测中有更好的适用性,可以用于流域中长期日径流预测,是资料有限的条件下中长期日径流预测的有效工具。     

祁连山区三大内陆河近50年来出山径流特征分析

利用祁连山区三大内陆河的出山径流控制站——杂木寺、莺落峡和昌马堡水文站1956-2006年的实测月年径流数据系列,应用数值分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、Hurst指数分析等多种方法,分析了祁连山区出山径流近51年的年际变化特征。结果表明:三大水系的径流年际变化中,都存在突变时刻,但具体年份不同;径流总趋势为石羊河在减少,特别是20世纪90年代的降幅很大,黑河和疏勒河为增加的趋势,疏勒河在1997年发生了由小变大的显著突变;指数分析表明黑河的持续性最强,石羊河最弱。     

浅析龙脉、龙穴在故宫风水中的运用

中国是一个有着悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国,北京城便是我们伟大祖国的首都,它有着三千多年的历史,优越的地理位置使它成为历代建都最佳的风水之城——天、地、人合一之城,它保留有我国最大、最完整的古建筑群——故宫。它建造时的严整规划和辉煌壮丽的宫殿,深受中国传统文化和风水术的影响,无处不深深地打上了风水操作的烙印。     

中条山胡—蓖型铜矿床成因新认识

讨论了剥离断层与成矿物质来源,矿体空间分布型式以及矿化特征等方面联系,从而提出胡-蓖型铜矿床是一个受剥离断层控制的“热液型(断)层状矿床”。     

空明·禅趣·冲淡·宁静——论佛教禅宗思想对王维后期山水诗歌创作的影响

佛教禅宗思想对王维诗歌创作有着很深的影响。这种影响对其后期山水诗所表现出的宁静、空明、禅趣、冲淡的审美风貌起着非常重要的作用。     

The diversity and distribution of freshwater macrophytes in the wedian of the mountainous northern Oman

The paper reports the first study of diversity and distribution of freshwater macrophytes in the wedian (plural of wadi = seasonal river) of the northern Al Hajar Mountain range in Oman. Fifteen lentic habitats in the wedian were surveyed. The number of species, their growth forms and abundance were recorded in the studied habitat of each wadi. In all, 41 species belonging to 14 families and 32 genera were collected. Of these 37 species were emergent and four were submergent. Poaceae was the most diverse emergent family with 17 species. Phragmites australis was the most common emergent followed by Typha domingensis. Among submerged macrophytes, Chara vulgaris had higher frequency of occurrence with low abundance followed by Potamogeton distinctus with relatively high abundance. Floristic diversity was estimated using species richness (Margalef’s D), general diversity (Shannon–Wiener H′), evenness (Pielous’s EH), and dominance (Berger–Parker d) indices for each study habitat. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the variability using four indices. PC1 and PC2 explained 98.18% of the variability. Some habitats in different watersheds exhibited similar species diversity, but some in the same watershed were different. Baseline data on the freshwater macrophytes in northern Oman are provided here.