生物包粒的分类与命名——兼论徐州大北望中下寒武统生物包粒特征

对于碳酸盐岩中由生物及生物化学作用形成的具有同心或放射结构的异化颗粒(生物包粒),已为人们所熟悉,但目前还没有统一的分类与命名。本文在研究徐州大北望中下寒武统生物包粒特征的基础上,结合已有研究成果,对由生物及生物化学作用形成的具有同心或放射状内部结构的碳酸盐颗粒,按其粒度和形成颗粒的生物类型不同进行分类命名,提出分类命名的原则。     

臭氧法水处理在空调冷却水系统中的应用

探讨了臭氧法杀菌灭藻，缓蚀，阻垢的机理，认为臭氧法可用于空调冷却水处理，并给出在工程设计中的应用方法。     

离子静电水处理技术在循环冷却水中的应用

简要介绍了离子静电水处理技术杀菌、灭藻、防垢阻垢的机理，及在循环冷却水系统中的应用情况。     

硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究

目的通过对硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究,确定出硫酸铜灭藻的最佳工况条件.方法以叶绿素a法作为检测方法,通过烧杯试验,确定处理含藻水的最佳硫酸铜投加量、接触反应时间、pH等参数.结果硫酸铜最佳投加量为1.5 mg/L;硫酸铜适宜的接触反应时间为8～12 h;pH值6.6左右时,硫酸铜藻类去除率较高,pH值＞9时,藻类去除率显著降低.结论 pH值对硫酸铜灭藻效果的影响较大;温度对硫酸铜灭藻有一定的影响;水中还原物质浓度对硫酸铜灭藻影响较小;藻类浓度不同对硫酸铜灭藻效果有一定的影响.     

Platymonas subcordiformis吸附镍离子的研究

分别研究了不同生长期海洋绿藻Platymonas subcordiformis对不同浓度Ni2+的吸附能力,以及藻液pH、光照强度和共存金属阳离子对藻细胞吸附能力的影响。对数生长前期藻细胞藻液和Ni2+的初始浓度为80 mg/L时的吸附能力较强,分别为7.76×10-5μg/个细胞和7.85×10-5μg/个细胞。当藻液pH介于9~10,光照强度为4 500 Lx时,藻细胞吸附Ni2+能力较强。此外,共存金属阳离子会抑制藻细胞对Ni2+的吸附。     

柘林水库污染物来源及水体分层对水质的影响

为探究水源水库污染物来源及水质变化规律,以九江市水源地柘林水库为研究对象,于2013年4月—2014年4月逐月对柘林水库进行水质监测.现场测定水温、溶解氧等指标,分层取样测定水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn等水质指标.结果表明,柘林水库主要污染物来源为上游来水,其对CODMn、TN、TP贡献率分别达88.3%、76.2%和67.6%.在水体稳定分层期,底部水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn质量浓度分别升高至3.8、2.4、1.12、0.14、0.42和0.34 mg/L;藻类计数及藻种鉴定结果表明,此时期主库区最大藻密度达2.25×106L-1,以绿藻为主.水体混合后出现Mn质量浓度超标问题,达0.16 mg/L.     

天然藻类对废水中 COD 的去除效率研究

目前废水中COD的处理问题是我国乃至世界各国普遍关注的问题,找到一种操作简单、成本低且效果好的处理方法是解决问题的关键所在。利用天然藻类中绿藻、硅藻处理不同类型废水,以COD作为检测指标。结果表明,绿藻对废水中COD的去除率最高。同时探讨了不同初始浓度的COD、不同种类废水中COD的去除效率。     

改性钢渣除藻效果研究

对改性钢渣在机械搅拌条件下的除藻效果进行了研究,并分析了改性钢渣预处理与混凝联用工艺对藻类的去除效果和协同作用.实验表明,钢渣经改性后,既能有效地去除水中的藻类,又能降低藻的光合活性,抑制藻的生长;高温活化改性钢渣预处理与混凝联用工艺对藻类有很好的去除效果,其对叶绿素a的平均去除率达91.4％,远高于单纯的钢渣预处理和混凝工艺.这暗示了两者之间在除藻方面存在协同作用.     

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Algae-to-biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.^1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae-to-biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO₂ sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid-extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega-3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO₂ is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO₂ also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel.     

Influence of different reactor types on Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae culture for lipids and fatty acid production

Greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by burning of fossil fuels cause global warming. One option is obtaining biodiesel. Nannochloropsis oculata was cultured under different light intensities and reactors at 25°C for 21 days with f/2 medium to assess their effects on cell density, lipid, and fatty acids (FAs). N. oculata improved cell density on fed-batch glass tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, yielding 3.5 × 10⁸ cells ml⁻¹, followed by fed-batch Erlenmeyer flask (1 L) at 650 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ with 1.7 × 10⁸ cells ml⁻¹. The highest total lipid contents (% g lipid × g dry biomass⁻¹) were 44.4 ± 0.8% for the reactor (1 L) at 650 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ and 35.2 ± 0.2% for the tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, until twice as high compared with the control culture (Erlenmeyer flask 1 L, 80 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹) with 21.2 ± 1%. Comparing the total lipid content at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, tubular reactor (7 L) and reactor 1 L achieved 35.2 ± 0.2% and 28.3 ± 1%, respectively, indicating the effect of shape reactor. The FAs were affected by high light intensity, decreasing SFAs to 2.5%, and increased monounsaturated fatty acids + polyunsaturated fatty acids to 2.5%. PUFAs (20:5n-3) and (20:4n-3) were affected by reactor shape, decreasing by half in the tubular reactor. In the best culture, fed-batch tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ contains major FAs (16:0; 38.06 ± 0.16%), (16:1n-7; 30.74 ± 0.58%), and (18:1n-9; 17.15 ± 0.91%).