深圳河湾污水系统研究

深圳河湾污水截排工程投资超过人民币5亿元。工程方案坚持以科学的发展观为指导，将节水与防污相结合，将发展循环经济作为方案研究的出发点与落脚点，对深圳河湾流域的污水处理尾水排海、污水资源化、水体生态修复等作出了长远规划。     

鲁中南泰安纸坊泉域岩溶水强径流带成因及特征

近年来,鲁中南地区岩溶地下水泉水流量衰减、干涸,水源地超采,岩溶塌陷等环境地质问题日益凸显,迫切需要加强研究。以泰安纸坊泉域为例,探讨了泉域内岩溶水强径流带分布、成因类型及典型水文地质特征,以达到合理开发、保护岩溶地下水的可行性。结果表明,岩溶水强径流带是有巨大调蓄功能并发育于浅部地下水积极交替带的网络状强岩溶富水带,其地下水动态稳定,成井率高且识别特征明显,是本区岩溶水水源地开采的理想场所。研究强径流带系统的水文地质条件,掌握其规律,为进一步研究鲁中南地区岩溶地下水提供了一条有效途径。     

风暴潮与洪水最大增水速算方法研究

以统计学、动力学经典理论为基础,改进传统的调和分析法与圣．维南动力方程,创设关于风暴潮与洪水径流水位最大增水的速算法,该方法经历数10年的时间考验并且在上海港一直使用至今。     

催化裂化装置催化剂跑损量大的原因及解决措施

近几年,中国石油大连石化分公司Ⅱ套催化裂化装置一直存在催化剂跑损量大的问题,自然跑损量达2.0 kg/t,严重时超过2.5 kg/t,形成低料位或"零"料位操作.由此产生两个问题:一是再生线路推动力降低,斜管催化剂流化波动大,流化极易中断,事故状态下抗风险能力下降,操作苛刻度增大;二是装置运行后期催化剂消耗逐渐增大,不但使装置的运行成本增加,而且对烟气轮机等关键设备磨损加剧,装置无法正常运行.通过针对再生器的一系列操作试验,确定了再生器内部改造方案:再生器第二密相床主风分布管由原来的一根环形管改成一根三瓣形管,由倒L形快速分离器代替粗级旋风分离器,使用PLY型旋风分离器和重锤式翼阀.经过改造后,催化剂自然跑损量降低至1.0 kg/t、能耗降低10%、助燃剂消耗减少50%、反应再生系统操作状况得到改善.     

水利水保措施对黄土地区产流模式的影响研究

随着水利水保措施的实施和流域治理程度的提高，流域内径流泥沙不断受到拦蓄，一方面表面为出口断面的水沙量变小；另一方面表现为次洪过程线特征发生变化，以及径流中地下径流的含量增加。对小理流域治理前后次洪过程特征进行分析及径流成分分割计算的结果表明，流域产流模式呈现由超渗产流由蓄满产流过渡的趋势。     

Eutrophication problems in Emilia Romagna,Italy: Monitoring the nutrient load discharged to the littoral zone of the Adriatic Sea

The deteriorating eutrophic state of the northern Adriatic Sea led to the commissioning of a study between 1977 and 1979 to identify the sources and forms of the nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen discharged from the basin of the river Savio. The study investigated the reduction in the phosphorus load in sewage per head of population caused by a reduction in the phosphorus content of detergents used in the basin and by the use of septic tanks. The flow and nutrient loads carried by the river were monitored during dry and wet weather to establish annual nutrient loads carried to the sea. An extensive sampling programme was carried out to quantify the principal sources of nutrients of which the most important were pig farming, Man and chemical fertilisers. An attempt was made to balance the nutrient loads discharged from the basin.     

城市化对城市降雨径流的影响及城市雨洪控制

介绍了城市化造成的城市气候对降水、降雨径流、降雨径流水质的影响，分析了这些影响带来的不良后果，并提出了必要的收集、处理和雨水再利用措施。     

耕作措施对径流能量的影响

在室内人工降雨试验的基础上,分析了等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕3项耕作措施对径流能量的削减作用和减蚀作用。结果表明：耕作措施对径流能量及坡面产沙均具有削减作用,其中等高耕作的作用最大,随雨强和地面坡度的增大其作用减弱;耕作措施对径流能量的削减作用与减蚀作用之间具有一定的相关关系,但坡面产沙同时受土壤抗蚀、抗冲性等因素的影响。     

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a shallow, artificially mixed urban lake in Colorado, USA

One of the most severe problems associated with eutrophication of urban freshwater ecosystems is the occurrence of increasingly frequent blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. Cyanotoxins might accumulate in the trophic web, producing diverse intoxication symptoms and chronic effects that are difficult to diagnose and prevent. High mortality of domestic animals and fish has been reported previously under these prevailing conditions. This study investigates the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton assemblages in Sheldon Lake during the summer of 2004, a year after the completion of a restoration project on the lake. The study analysed the physical and chemical changes caused by urban run‐off and artificial mixing, as well as the usefulness of microcystin molecular markers derived from the mcy gene cluster for the detection of toxic cyanobacterial strains in environmental samples from Sheldon Lake. This study clearly demonstrates that the artificial mixing rate alone was insufficient to cause a transition to a well‐mixed aquatic system, and that cyanobacteria remained dominant throughout the summer months. The presence of toxic cyanobacterial strains was confirmed with the use of molecular markers that detected the presence of the mcy gene cluster responsible for the production of toxin by Microcystis spp. This approach might have a great potential use in the routine analyses of urban aquatic ecosystems. It also might make toxicity monitoring more feasible, allowing for the early application of corrective actions, especially for cases such as Sheldon Lake, which is a public recreational focal point.     

基于遗传算法的支持向量机在径流中长期预报中的应用

支持向量机在径流中长期预报的应用中,普遍采用网格搜索法率定其参数,存在耗时较长、参数选取不当而导致预报精度低等问题,针对该问题提出了一种基于遗传算法的支持向量机模型,该模型结合遗传算法收敛速度快的特点对支持向量机参数进行优化选择,实现参数的全局自动化选取。应用乌江流域某电站的径流预报结果显示,相对于基于网格搜索参数寻优的支持向量机模型及神经网络模型,基于遗传算法参数寻优的支持向量机模型预报精度更高,泛化能力更强。更多还原