Estimates of pollutant temporal and spatial variability in commercial buildings from the joint urban 2003 field experiments

In this paper, we report on the indoor concentrations from a suite of full-scale outdoor tracer-gas point releases conducted in the downtown area of Oklahoma City in 2003. A point release experiment consisted of releases of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) in multiple buildings and from different outdoor locations. From the measurements, we are able to estimate the concentration variations indoors for a building operating under “typical” operating conditions. The mean indoor spatial coefficients of variation are 30% to 45% from a daytime outdoor release are around 80% during an outdoor evening release. Having estimates of the spatial coefficient of variation provides stakeholders, including first responders, with the likely range of concentrations in the building when little is known about the building characteristics and operating behavior, such as developing urban-scale hazard and consequence analyses. We show differences in indoor measurements at different distances to the release points, floors of the building, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC) operation. We also show estimates at different time resolutions. The statistics show that in the studied medium to large commercial buildings, spatial differences would result in peak indoor concentrations in certain parts of the buildings that may be substantially higher than the building average. To our knowledge, very few tracer gas measurements have been conducted in buildings of this scope, particularly with measurements on multiple floors and within a floor. The resulting estimates of spatial variability provide a unique opportunity for hazard assessment, and comparison to multi-zone models.     

示踪剂技术在秦家屯油藏开发中的应用

秦家屯油田位于松辽盆地南部东南隆起区十屋断陷东北部,属于非均质断块层状油藏,通过示踪剂监测技术可以了解区块内井间连通情况,判断油井见水、来水方向及油层水驱动用程度,结合油藏静态资料研究,指导油田开发,改善开发效果,达到了稳产的目的。     

胜利油区放射性同位素测井的粒径选择

根据胜利油区的地层渗透率、孔隙度，在２７个低渗透油田和４６个中、高渗透油田的放射性同位素测井中进行了粒径为１００～３００μｍ、３００～６００μｍ、６００～９００μｍ放射性同位素１３１Ｂａ微球粒径选择实验，确定了放射性同位素１３１Ｂａ微球的选择原则。当油藏渗透率Ｋ＜１００×１０－３μｍ２、孔隙度＜２０％时，放射性同位素粒径为１００～３００μｍ；当油藏渗透率Ｋ＞１００×１０－３μｍ２、孔隙度＞２０％时，放射性同位素粒径为３００～６００μｍ或６００～９００μｍ。在此基础上得到胜利油区选用同位素粒径明细表，对于指导施工，提高放射性测井资料的可靠性具有重要意义。     

稳定同位素井间示踪技术在深层块状稠油油藏水驱特征研究的应用

经对冷43块深层块状普通稠油水驱注水5个试验井组开展的稳定同位素示踪测试，利用中子活化技术分析样品，采用先进的示踪剂定量分析与流动模拟相互结合的方法，以示踪数值模拟为手段，评价了油井连通、油层平面及纵向上的非均质性、隔层的封隔性等因素对水驱控制程度及动用状况的影响，通过优化注水推进方向及速度，强化动态调整措施，提高了稳产基础。     

一种新型同位素示踪剂载体及应用

同位素沾污、低注井同位素示踪剂因沉降造成的上返速度慢或无法上返、大孔道地层同位素示踪剂失踪等是影响注水开发油田后期吸水剖面测井资料质量的主要问题。同位素示踪剂载体的物理参数，尤其是其密度，是产生上述问题的重要因素。通过对同位素示踪剂载体技术指标优选而生产的一种新型同位素示踪剂，可以解决低注井同位素上返速度慢的问题，并能有效识别大孔道地层，减少同位素沾污。这种同位素示踪剂载体已在河南油田吸水剖面测井中应用，并见到了很好的效果。     

城市燃气管网设计若干问题的探讨

分析了哈依燃气管道工程在施工及管理过程中存在的问题，并就如何解决这些问题提出了建议。     

示踪剂监测方法在边水推进规律研究中的应用

成功地将示踪剂监测技术应用于边水驱油藏的开发，根据边水可能的推进方向，在上游井排中选择有代表性的井注入示踪剂，在下游井中进行监测，得到示踪剂的参数，可以定量地描述边水的推进规律及速度，研究油藏平面和纵向上的非均质性，得到高渗透水淹层的厚度及渗透率，为进一步提高采收率方法研究提供可靠的依据。     

肿瘤血管内皮生长因子受体PET示踪剂研究进展

摘要：本文对血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）的结构、功能及生理作用，VEGFR的靶向抗肿瘤新生血管生成治疗，VEGF的PET示踪剂分类，采用18F标记的VEGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂类合成等几个方面做了简要叙述。     

Sulfur in chromia

The solubility of sulfur in chromia has been studied in H₂-H₂O-H₂S tagged with³⁵S at 973 and 1173 K at low oxygen and sulfur partial pressures typical for coal gasification-systems. For monocrystalline samples, it has been shown that sulfur-containing species are only present adsorbed on the surface of the specimens and can be removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. The surface coverage after 4 weeks of exposure to H₂-H₂O-H₂S was between 2.8 and 19.3% of a monolayer. In polycrystalline chromia, sulfur was located only in pores and cracks of the sample. In dense, compact areas of the specimens the solubility of sulfur was below the detection limit of autoradiography, which was estimated to be better than 0.17 ppm.     

严重非均质油藏高渗条带的识别方法

胡状集油田属于严重非均质油藏,在注水开发后表现为油井见效快、含水上升快,并且很快在注采井间形成高渗条带,影响开发效果。如何对高渗条带识别,成为改善严重非均质油藏开发效果的关键。本文通过沉积微相法、测井评价方法、示踪剂监测分析法、动态分析法等多种方法,开展对高渗条带识别的研究,为下步措施安排提供了可靠的调整依据。