荧光法测定油田采出水中示踪剂的含量

对示踪剂荧光素性质进行考察,通过对待测水样用KOH调节pH至8,利用荧光法测定油田采出水中示踪剂的含量.该方法简便、快速且灵敏度高,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.167%以内,加标回收率为96.73%～104.00%.     

井间示踪剂测试在缝洞型油藏的应用

对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,缝洞组合方式多样且缝洞连通关系复杂,很难通过测井、试井以及地质建模等方法进行井间的储层预测。为此提出了井间示踪剂测试与油藏数值模拟相结合的评价方法。该方法通过对示踪剂测试曲线进行分析和数值模拟拟合可以实现对油藏油水井间连通关系的认识。在分析井间示踪剂测试的基本理论和数值模拟方法的基础上,进行了实例分析。结果表明:运用该方法能较为准确地评价流体的波及状况、注水受效情况;认识注入流体流向、流速信息;确定裂缝的发育状况以及区块的剩余油分布。对于进一步认识缝洞型油藏的非均质性特征以及地层缝洞连通关系起到了积极的指导作用。     

Measurement of velocity of sand-containing Oil–Water two-phase flow with super high water holdup in horizontal small pipe based on thermal tracers

When oil fields enter the last production period, the water holdup in the well is extremely high. Chemical flooding and horizontal well technology are often used to enhance oil recovery. These techniques result in a high downhole fluid viscosity and serious sand production, which leads to the failure of common velocity measurements because of sticking sand, and yields new logging difficulties. This paper presents a method of the velocity measurement of sand-containing oil–water two-phase flow in a super high water holdup pipe diameter based on thermal tracers. The measurement accuracy of the thermal tracer velocity method is related closely to parameters that affect its performance. Parameter optimization is required to improve the measurement accuracy. ANSYS Fluent was used for a numerical simulation of the heat-source shape and material, thermistor probe installation position and fluid heating power, and the method was verified experimentally. The optimal parameters of the thermal tracer flowmeter were obtained by numerical simulation, the heat source material was aluminum and the shape was rectangular. The thermistor probe was located 160–220 mm from the heat source, and the pulse heating power was 350 W. The experiment results show that the accuracy of the thermal tracer flowmeter was 4%, the repeatability was 2.6%, and the measurement accuracy of the flow velocity was unaffected by water holdup and sand.     

综放工作面风量及采空区漏风定量检测

通过对中煤塔山煤矿30509综放工作面采空区漏风及有害气体分析的研究，总结了通过定量连续释放SF₆示踪气体，来检测工作面风量与采空区漏风的方法，测定了沿工作面采空区的漏风分布及漏风流线的深度。采用定时测量法，确定了30509工作面随工作面不断推进，与对应地表发生了导通现象；采用定量测量法，确定了内部漏风量和外部漏风量较大，对综采工作面采空区自然发火存在较大风险，同时提出了防范措施，为减少综放工作面采空区漏风、防止自然发火的发生提供了参考。     

近距离煤层群采空区漏风规律及防控措施研究

贵州地区煤层赋存条件复杂,煤层间距小,相邻采空区存在漏风通道的问题。采用SF6示踪法及重点区域指标气体数据分析法,对发耳煤矿采空区漏风规律及其治理措施进行研究。分析结果表明,由于相邻密闭效果欠佳,导致31004开切眼联络巷及31004工作面回风巷密闭漏风严重。31004采空区漏风通道主要是31004开切眼联络巷密闭及10^#煤层开采过程中对上部7^#煤层采空区造成二次扰动形成的纵向漏风通道;漏风量为83 m^3/min,采空区风速约为0.17 m/s。对存在的煤自燃隐患采取了注水降温措施,CO体积分数显著下降至(5~9)×10^-6。为即将开采的50105、50107工作面的煤自燃防控提供了科学依据和管控措施方案。     

超低碳IF钢中夹杂物来源的示踪分析

为了分析超低碳IF钢中夹杂物来源，采用在转炉出钢后及中间包覆盖剂添加示踪剂的方法，确定夹杂物的来源。并在相关工序取钢样或渣样，利用扫描电镜观察分析夹杂物的形貌和成分。研究表明，RH进站顶渣w(TFe)控制为2.54%~4.49%，RH出站顶渣w(TFe)控制为4.56%~5.23%，RH钢包顶渣w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)控制为1.20~1.93，顶渣改质效果良好。正常坯进行分析含有少量的钡，未发现铈元素，在换包时取样第6炉和第7炉中间坯进行分析，可发现含有钡即钢包下渣情况，少量的铈成分。第6炉正常坯w(TO)为0.001 4%，第6炉和第7炉中间坯w(TO)为0.001 6%，第7炉正常坯w(TO)为0.001 5%，可见正常铸坯与交接坯相比w(TO)略有降低。     

Driving factors of the flushing time of bays formed where tributaries enter a reservoir

Flushing time is an integrative parameter that can represent water exchange capacity and sensitivity to pollution threats. As bays formed where tributaries enter the Three Gorges Reservoir of China have experienced frequent algal blooms over the past decade, we examine the spatially variable flushing time of a typical tributary bay (Xiangxi Bay) by numerical tracer experiments. First, the tracer concentration reduction could be approximated well by a double exponential decay curve, and the local flushing time of Xiangxi Bay is determined using key flushing coefficients. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the influence of upstream inflow, temperature difference, wind, water level of the reservoir, and daily water level fluctuation on the spatial variation in local flushing time. Finally, according to local flushing time values and the sensitivity analysis results, the bay can be generally characterized by three zones: riverine, transitional, and mainstream‐influenced zones. In particular, the local flushing times in the riverine zone are mainly affected by the upstream inflow. The difference in temperature between the reservoir mainstream and Xiangxi Bay is the main forcing in the transitional and mainstream‐influenced zones. This study is the first to investigate different driving factors for flushing time in a typical reservoir tributary bay. The findings provide insights on the transport processes in such water bodies, suggesting the possibility of using the longitudinal zonation of flushing time for reservoir management.     

综合检测技术在面板堆石坝渗漏检测中的应用

经过30多年发展,我国面板堆石坝建设成就显著,但同时也面临着诸如大坝渗漏等病害问题。面板堆石坝坝体材料的非同质和变形的多维度,使得大坝渗漏形式多样,给大坝渗漏检测带来巨大挑战。为此,针对新疆某面板坝,首先应用资料分析和水下机器人声纳扫描普查确定可能渗漏的区域,然后派潜水员进行水下高清摄像详查破损区,最后采用示踪剂进行连通试验验证此前判断。上述综合检测技术在该面板堆石坝渗漏检测中得到成功应用,相关经验可供类似面板坝渗漏处理参考。     

稀薄气体流动的粒子图像测速实验研究

建立了一套可对真空度进行调节的实验装置,从大气压开始逐渐降低系统压力,进行系列稀薄气体流动的PIV流场实验。系统压力从101kPa、90kPa逐次降至10kPa,使用所选粒子在不同系统压力下分别进行PIV实验获得测量区域流场分布情况。运用计算流体力学的方法模拟大气压条件下实验区域的内部流动,对比结果发现该种条件下数值模拟结果很好的与PIV实验测得流场结构吻合,从而验证了实验和数值模拟的可靠性和稳定性。通过对PIV实验结果进行分析:克努森数Kn≤0.14实验测量可以获得较好的流场效果;当0.14相似文献   

运用温度示踪法确定稳定入渗补给速率

开展不同水位埋深条件下的地中渗透仪入渗实验,分析包气带温度场变化规律及其控制因素,进而采用多层介质热传导解析方程评价入渗补给速率,探讨了温度示踪法评价包气带入渗补给问题的适用性。结果表明:气温控制包气带温度场整体特征,其对温度场的影响随深度增加逐渐减弱。水位埋深影响土壤含水率,控制包气带介质比热,决定了温度场波动性。灌水改变介质热导率从而影响包气带温度场;灌水量小且灌水温差小,灌水本身的热状态对温度场的影响可以忽略。水位埋深浅时,基于多层介质热传导解析方程的入渗补给速率评价结果更为准确,旱季相对雨季,评价结果准确性整体更高;浅部包气带含水率波动性强是造成评价误差的重要原因,选取更短的评价周期和更深的计算剖面可相对提高评价结果准确性。含水率在时间尺度上的波动是温度示踪法在非饱和带应用的难点及关键。