Blends of Bio-Based Poly(Limonene Carbonate) with Commodity Polymers

In this study, blends of the bio-based poly(limonene carbonate) (PLimC) with different commodity polymers are investigated in order to explore the potential of PLimC toward generating more sustainable polymer materials by reducing the amount of petro- or food-based polymers. PLimC is employed as minority component in the blends. Next to the morphology and thermal properties of the blends the impact of PLimC on the mechanical properties of the matrix polymers is studied. The interplay of incompatibility and zero-shear melt viscosity contrast determines the blend morphology, leading for all blends to a dispersed droplet morphology for PLimC. Blends with polymers of similar structure to PLimC (i.e., aliphatic/aromatic polyester) show the best performance with respect to mechanical properties, whereas blends with polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) are too brittle and polyamide 12 blends show very low elongations at break. In blends with Ecoflex (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) and Arnitel EM400 (copoly(ether ester)) with poly(butylene terephthalate) hard and polytetrahydrofuran soft segments) a threefold increase in E-modulus can be achieved, while keeping the elongation at break at reasonable high values of ≈200%, making these blends highly interesting for applications.     

Monoacylglycerols derived from butter oil by Penicillium roquefortii in suspension cultures

Structural isomers of monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides, MAGs) were identified and compared after degradation of butter oil by two strains of Penicillium roquefortii and a commercial lipase from P roquefortii (EC 3.1.1.3) at pH 7.0 and 10 °C. The conditions were selected as they were comparable with those used in the manufacture of blue mould‐ripened cheese. The commercial lipase was selected to compare with the fungal strains in terms of acyl migration. Results showed that the main isomers formed by lipolysis with the commercial lipase were sn‐2 MAGs (64 mol%), whilst spores and emerging mycelia of P roquefortii produced mainly sn‐1(3) MAGs (83–90 mol%). The work reported here may lead to further assessment of different MAG structural isomers as natural preservatives in foods and dairy products. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of copper emission rates from wood treated with different preservatives to the environment

This study describes a laboratory method for the estimation of emission from preservative-treated wood in the different situations where emissions could enter the environment for use classes 3 (not in contact with ground) and 4 and 5 (in contact with the ground, fresh water or sea water) according to OECD Guidelines. Samples of scotch pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with CCA (1% and 2%), ACQ-1900 (3% and 7%), ACQ-2200 (2%), Tanalith E 3491 (2% and 2.8%), and Wolmanit CX-8 (2%).     

Soy protein combined with copper and boron compounds for providing effective wood preservation

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), an arsenicbased wood preservative, is toxic to human health and the environment. Although CCA is stable in seasoned wood, there are potential dangers during CCA manufacture, lumber treatment, and waste disposal. This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of soy products to replace toxic chromium and arsenic compounds in wood preservative formulations. Three soy product (Arpro 2100, HM 90, and Supro 760) were used as fixative agents in preservative solutions containing anhydrous CuSO₄ and Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O. The decay resistance of treated wood blocks was measured by a soil-block culture method. Despite the large molecular sizes of copper-protein and copper-boron-protein complexes, southern pine sapwood was treatable with these preservative formulations. Wood samples treated with >6 kg°m⁻³ CuSO₄ and 7.5 kg·m⁻³ soy product, and subsequently leached for 3 d and exposed to the decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (Fr.) Mur., sustained only 0.5% weight loss over 12 wk. Wood samples needed 40 kg·m⁻³ CuSO₄ and 50 kg·m⁻³ soy protein to resist the copper-tolerant decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Lars. & Lomb. These results suggest that soy-based wood preservatives can prevent wood products from fungal attack and can replace CCA.     

从使用频率看化妆品防腐剂走势(续前)

介绍了FDA的化妆品配方自愿登记计划（VCRP）及参与的好处，对《化妆品与盥洗用品》杂志公布的近30年来的的化妆品防腐剂使用频率数据进行了整理，描述了历次统计前20位品种的变迁，对一些重要品种，如重氮咪唑烷基脲、咪唑烷基脲、二羟甲基二甲基乙内酰脲、甲醛类、季铵盐-15、布罗波尔、异噻唑啉酮类、碘代丙炔基于基氨基甲酸酯（IPBC）、三氯生、苯氧乙醇和尼泊金酯类等的走势和应用进行了介绍。     

微生物对化妆品杀菌防腐剂的耐受性和抗药性及其治理措施

简要介绍了微生物对化妆品杀菌防腐剂的耐受性与抗药性概念、抗药性微生物种属特性、杀菌剂的抗性水平以及抗性的风险评估和治理措施，旨在为提高化妆品（日化产品）和美容美发产品的质量，保障广大消费者的身体健康，并为科学合理使用现有杀菌防腐剂和研究开发新型杀菌防腐剂提供科学依据。     

Improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by ternary blending with bio-based alcohols and diesel from direct coal liquefaction

The utilization and popularization of biodiesel are always limited by its poor cold flow properties. Both bio-based alcohol and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) has potential to enhance the cold flow properties of biodiesel. In this study, ternary blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (BWCO) with DDCL and bio-based ethanol (ET) or 1-butanol (BT) were conducted to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and cloud point (CP) of BWCO-ET, BWCO-BT, and BWCO-DDCL binary blends, and BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL ternary blends were comparatively assessed. Ternary phase diagrams were also applied to analyze the blending effect of the three components on the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Results showed that both DDCL, ET, and BT can remarkably enhance the cold flow properties of BWCO. When the ternary blends contain 20 vol.% BWCO and less than 40 vol.% ET or BT, DDCL together with ET or BT exerted positive effects on enhancing the low-temperature flow properties of BWCO, especially on the CP and CFPP. For ternary blends in 20:10:70 blending ratio, BWCO-BT-DDCL exhibited the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP of −23, −19, and −17°C, respectively. The crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of blended fuels are also observed via a polarizing optical microscope, and find that DDCL together with BT in biodiesel can effectively retard the aggregation of large crystals and inhibit crystals growth.     

生物质复合材板坯内部孔隙形成的模拟与实验分析

应用计算机模拟的方法研究了生物质复合材板坯内部孔隙的形成.通过对板坯内孔隙体积比率与加工参数包括原料的几何形状、材料的公称密度之间的关系的考察结果表明,由模型得到的数据与由实验得到的数据的结果趋向一致.研究中通过在板材热压实验中测量板坯中心部位的温度和气体压力变化来说明孔隙对热和质传输的影响,实验和分析的结果也验证了该模型和模拟的方法对于研究生物质复合材板坯内孔隙具有一定的有效性.     

生物基防腐技术的研究进展及其在木包装中的应用展望

目的 为满足木包装材料的使用要求和防疫要求,需将木材进行防腐处理,但传统的防腐处理方式易对环境和物品造成污染,存在安全隐患,生物基防腐技术可解决上述问题。方法 介绍当前木包装材料的使用现状,阐述国内外生物基防腐技术的研究进展,并分析和讨论木包装材料在使用中存在的问题。结果 生物基防腐技术是一种绿色、高效的木材防腐技术,目前已取得了一定的研究成果。结论 生物基防腐技术可以满足木包装材料在运输和存储中的各种需求,并且具有环保无毒的优点,因而具有非常广阔的开发和应用前景。     

碳中和目标背景下包装行业发展的对策

目的 为了应对日益恶化的全球气候变化,并实现碳中和的目标,研究低碳化技术在包装行业的应用成为当下至关重要的任务。为了推动包装行业在碳中和背景下的低碳化转型,有必要对现有的低碳化技术进行分类和梳理。方法 从碳减排和碳移除两方面对包装行业已有的低碳化技术进行了研究。综述当前可降解生物塑料和聚合物单体化学循环技术在包装中的应用,介绍了几种清洁能源以及碳捕捉、碳利用和碳储存技术的发展现状。结论 对包装行业而言,实现碳中和的目标还面临着很多挑战。包装行业在推进碳中和目标时要选取与发展适合的低碳能源和碳中和技术。