高等级生物安全实验室通风空调系统冗余设计原则探讨

对比分析了国内外标准有关高等级生物安全实验室通风空调系统冗余设计的要求。结合我国已有高等级生物安全实验室,重点分析了送风机、排风机、排风高效过滤器冗余设计的具体实施形式和存在的问题,给出了冗余设计原则建议。     

纳米二氧化硅的制备及在生物医学领域的应用

综述了近几年来纳米二氧化硅的一些主要制备方法,例如:St(o)ber法、模板法、微乳液法、气溶胶法.并且简述了纳米二氧化硅在抗菌剂、药物缓释等生物医学领域中的应用,以及纳米二氧化硅微球的浓度、粒径大小、表面性质等方面对纳米二氧化硅的生物安全性的影响.介绍了无定型纳米二氧化硅的毒性与其结构的关系,同时指出了单分散纳米石英颗粒的制备还存在许多亟待解决的难点.     

紫金山含铜酸性水资源化及无害化处理试验研究

采用硫化法和螯合法对紫金山含铜酸性水进行了资源化、无害化处理对比试验研究,结果表明:硫化法和螯合法均可有效处理紫金山含铜酸性水,铜回收率均在99%以上,处理后铜质量浓度均小于0.5 mg/L,可达到排放标准。两种处理方法的经济技术指标盈亏平衡点主要受到铜质量浓度和铁质量浓度变化的影响,硫化法的经济性优于螯合法。     

Nanoneedle Platforms: The Many Ways to Pierce the Cell Membrane

Establishing techniques to efficiently and nondestructively access the intracellular milieu is essential for many biomedical and scientific applications, ranging from drug delivery, to electrical recording, to biochemical detection. Cell penetration using nanoneedle arrays is currently a research focus area because it not only meets the increasing therapeutic demands of cell modifications and genome editing, but also provides an ideal platform for tracking long‐term intracellular information. Although the precise mechanism driving membrane penetration by nanoneedle arrays is still unclear, the low cytotoxicity, wide range of delivered materials, diverse cell type targets, and simple material structures of nanoneedle arrays make these splendid platforms for cell access. Here, the recent progress in this field is reviewed by examining device architectures and discussing mechanisms for nanoneedle penetration, and the major studies demonstrating the most general applicability of nanoneedle arrays, typical methodologies to access the intracellular environment using nanoneedles with spontaneous or assisted penetration modes, as well as biosafety aspects are presented. This review should be valuable for deeply understanding the materials fabrication principles, device designs, cell penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and application strategies of nanoneedle array‐based systems that are of crucial importance for the development of future practical biomedical platforms.     

Bacteriocins as food preservatives: Challenges and emerging horizons

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for fresh-like food products and the potential health hazards of chemically preserved and processed food products have led to the advent of alternative technologies for the preservation and maintenance of the freshness of the food products. One such preservation strategy is the usage of bacteriocins or bacteriocins producing starter cultures for the preservation of the intended food matrixes. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized smaller polypeptide molecules that exert antagonistic activity against closely related and unrelated group of bacteria. This review is aimed at bringing to lime light the various class of bacteriocins mainly from gram positive bacteria. The desirable characteristics of the bacteriocins which earn them a place in food preservation technology, the success story of the same in various food systems, the various challenges and the strategies employed to put them to work efficiently in various food systems has been discussed in this review. From the industrial point of view various aspects like the improvement of the producer strains, downstream processing and purification of the bacteriocins and recent trends in engineered bacteriocins has also been briefly discussed in this review.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的检测方法进展

肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157:H7为新近报道的食源性强致病菌,对病原菌快速、简便、准确、灵敏的检测方法是预防控制的关键,本文对国内外常用的鉴别培养、免疫检测以及PCR等检测方法进行了系统的综述。     

国内外生物安全实验室标准体系检测要求对比

系统梳理了包括WHO手册、美国手册BMBL-6、加拿大标准CBS-2、澳/新标准AS/NZS 2243.3及我国标准GB 50346、GB 19489在内的国内外生物安全实验室领域重要的标准或指南.重点介绍了标准或指南中关于实验室全面性能检测、认证方面的要求或规定,并对各标准中关于检测、认证方面的具体参数、指标要求和检...     

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Directly Promote Fibroblast–Myofibroblast and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions through the Activation of the TGF‐β/Smad Signaling Pathway

A number of studies have demonstrated that MWCNTs induce granuloma formation and fibrotic responses in vivo, and it has been recently reported that MWCNT‐induced macrophage activation and subsequent TGF‐β secretion contribute to pulmonary fibrotic responses. However, their direct effects against alveolar type‐II epithelial cells and fibroblasts and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, MWCNTs are reported to be able to directly promote fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast conversion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. Both of the cell transitions may play important roles in MWCNT‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Firstly, in‐vivo and in‐vitro data show that long MWCNTs can directly interact with fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and some of them may be uptaken into fibroblasts and epithelial cells by endocytosis. Secondly, long MWCNTs can directly activate fibroblasts and increase both the basal and TGF‐β1‐induced expression of the fibroblast‐specific protein‐1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and collagen III. Finally, MWCNTs can induce the EMT through the activation of TGF‐β/Smad2 signaling in alveolar type‐II epithelial cells, from which some fibroblasts involved in pulmonary fibrosis are thought to originate. These observations suggest that the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad2 signaling plays a critical role in the process of the fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transition and the EMT induced by MWCNTs.     

生物安全柜校准方法研究

文章结合国内外现有的生物安全柜相关标准的研究及多个厂商生产的Ⅱ级生物安全柜技术指标的研究,从校准的角度总结提出了Ⅱ级生物安全柜的校准方法,并在校准方法中明确了取样点位置,其中校准内容包含空气洁净度、下降风速/流入口风速、噪声、照度、人员安全性。该校准方法可操作性强,为校准机构或企事业单位生物安全柜的校准提供了参考。     

由生物安全实验室检测引发的有关设计问题的几点思考

通过对众多已建生物安全实验室工程检测验收的总结,分析了国内生物安全实验室建设中存在的问题和不足,探讨了有关实验室平面布局、净化空调系统、自控系统、备用电源等问题的部分设计原则。