大小样品在液氮中的淬冷沸腾换热比较研究

分析了大小样品在液氮中的淬冷沸腾换热特性。大小样品的淬冷沸腾换热有着明显的差别，小样品的热流密度比大样品的明显高得多。小样品的淬冷沸腾有一起始段，其温降高达６０Ｋ。从实验结果还可以看到，小样品的Ｌｅｉｄｅｎｆｒｏｓｔ点和临界热流点对应的壁面过热度明显比大样品的高。最后还分析了样品直径对临界热流密度的影响。     

Coaxial Alginate Hydrogels: From Self-Assembled 3D Cellular Constructs to Long-Term Storage

Alginate as a versatile naturally occurring biomaterial has found widespread use in the biomedical field due to its unique features such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. The ability of its semipermeable hydrogels to provide a favourable microenvironment for clinically relevant cells made alginate encapsulation a leading technology for immunoisolation, 3D culture, cryopreservation as well as cell and drug delivery. The aim of this work is the evaluation of structural properties and swelling behaviour of the core-shell capsules for the encapsulation of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), their 3D culture and cryopreservation using slow freezing. The cells were encapsulated in core-shell capsules using coaxial electrospraying, cultured for 35 days and cryopreserved. Cell viability, metabolic activity and cell–cell interactions were analysed. Cryopreservation of MSCs-laden core-shell capsules was performed according to parameters pre-selected on cell-free capsules. The results suggest that core-shell capsules produced from the low viscosity high-G alginate are superior to high-M ones in terms of stability during in vitro culture, as well as to solid beads in terms of promoting formation of viable self-assembled cellular structures and maintenance of MSCs functionality on a long-term basis. The application of 0.3 M sucrose demonstrated a beneficial effect on the integrity of capsules and viability of formed 3D cell assemblies, as compared to 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) alone. The proposed workflow from the preparation of core-shell capsules with self-assembled cellular structures to the cryopreservation appears to be a promising strategy for their off-the-shelf availability.     

成纤维细胞预处理过程及三种低温保存方法比较的实验研究

成纤维细胞是构建组织工程化真皮的种子细胞,实现成纤维细胞的低温保存对成功保存组织工程化真皮有着重要的意义.采用三种不同的低温保存方法对成纤维细胞进行低温保存实验;详细介绍这三种方法的操作过程;并从细胞存活率、降温过程中的温度变化情况、操作时所需仪器设备及所耗时间等方面对这三种方法进行了比较.同时研究了DMSO的浓度、预处理时间及预处理温度等因素对成纤维细胞存活率的影响.     

VEGF and FGF2 Improve Revascularization,Survival, and Oocyte Quality of Cryopreserved,Subcutaneously-Transplanted Mouse Ovarian Tissues

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously-transplanted mouse ovarian tissue. Autologous subcutaneous transplantation of vitrified-thawed mouse ovarian tissues treated with (experimental group) or without (control group) VEGF and FGF2 was performed. After transplantation to the inguinal region for two or three weeks, graft survival, angiogenesis, follicle development, and oocyte quality were examined after gonadotropin administration. VEGF coupled with FGF2 (VEGF/FGF2) promoted revascularization and significantly increased the survival rate of subcutaneously-transplanted cryopreserved ovarian tissues compared with untreated controls. The two growth factors did not show long-term effects on the ovarian grafts. In contrast to the untreated ovarian grafts, active folliculogenesis was revealed as the number of follicles at various stages and of mature oocytes in antral follicles after gonadotropin administration were remarkably higher in the VEGF/FGF2-treated groups. Although the fertilization rate was similar between the VEGF/FGF2 and control groups, the oocyte quality was much better in the VEGF/FGF2-treated grafts as demonstrated by the higher ratio of blastocyst development. Introducing angiogenic factors, such as VEGF and FGF2, may be a promising strategy to improve revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously-transplanted mouse ovarian tissue.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的0℃以下耐受性

车用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)应具备环境适应性,但水-冰相变会影响膜电极组件(MEA).以-10℃及-20℃到正常操作温度的冰冻-解冻循环模拟实际工况,考察了水结冰对PEMFC性能的影响,结果表明:PEMFC的电化学活性表面积变小,扩散层的孔结构发生了变化,PEMFC的性能衰减.采用干燥N2吹扫、真空排水和RH=58.0%(25℃)的反应气吹扫等3种方法来避免水结冰的影响,发现经过冰冻-解冻循环后,PEMFC的性能均未下降.     

Effects of nanoparticles on the nucleation and devitrification temperatures of polyol cryoprotectant solutions

To investigate the efficiency of nanoparticles as nucleation agents in polyol cryoprotectant solutions at cryogenic temperatures, the nucleation and devitrification temperatures of these solutions with different concentrations of diamond, gold, copper–nickel, and silicon nanoparticles were measured through differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that ice growth in these cryoprotectant solutions is prominently accelerated by nanoparticles and the devitrification temperatures of cryoprotectant solutions are significantly lowered by nanoparticles. These findings can be used to improve the efficiency of cell cryopreservation procedures and open numerous avenues of investigations regarding the application of nanoparticles in cryogenics.     

Automating procedures for processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cell-mediated immune responses have been found to play a crucial role in the protection from, or amelioration of, many human diseases. There are many vaccine trials being conducted where the most important immune assessment consists of measuring T cell responses. The most readily accessible source of T cells is the peripheral blood. Thus, collection, processing, cryopreservation, storage, and manipulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are all key steps for assessment of vaccine and disease-induced immune responses. Automation of these procedures is not currently practiced widely. This article reviews current practices and explores the need for automation.     

冰晶在肾组织中生长特点之初探

在微电脑控制的小样品升降温控制装置上，用透射电子显微镜研究了鼠肾组织在快速冷却后冰晶生长的一些特点，并结合传热分析方法和结晶动力学理论，定量地研究了肾细胞核内冰晶随位置的分布。     

深低温保存皮肤的一种快速冷却方法

提出一种适用于皮肤低温保存的快速冷却方法，并与目前使用的快速冷却方法进行了比较。试验结果表明，新方法可以得到更高的降温速率，使皮肤能够迅速越过零度附近的温区。从而有效地抑制组织内水分结晶及长大对细胞造成的损伤，促进玻璃化，提高了皮肤活力。     

冷冻的医疗应用

介绍冷冻技术在生物医学中的应用.描述了低温对人体引起的有关生物效应,生物组织的低温冷藏技术和冷冻手术治疗等技术,以及与这些技术有关的装置及安全防护.