Sex phermone components of mulberry looper,Hemerophila atrilineata butler (lepidoptera: Geometridae)

(6Z-9S, 10R)-Epoxy-octadecene (SR-1) and (3Z, 6Z-9S, 10R)-epoxy-octadecadiene (SR-2) are sex pheromone components of the mulberry looper (MBL),Hemerophila atrilineata Butler. Compounds extracted from female MBL pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. In field experiments in China,SR-2,RS-2, or both combined were hardly attractive, butSR-2 in combination withSR-1 attracted significant numbers of MBL males. Synergistic behavioral activity ofSR-1 plusSR-2, but not of corresponding antipode mixtures, indicates enantiospecificity of MBL pheromone communication. Because blends of racemic and enantiospecific (SR)1 plus2 were similarly attractive, racemic1 plus2 may have potential for mass trapping or confusion of MBL males in commercial mulberry plantations.     

桑叶天然染料的萃取和稳定性研究

采用正交实验法及单因子实验法，有效地萃取桑叶染液并对其稳定性进行了研究和探讨。发现桑叶的水萃取液和盐酸萃取液的光吸收曲线相似。桑叶天然染料萃取的最大影响因子是萃取剂的种类，有效的萃取剂在本试验中是氢氧化钠，其萃取液的色浓度、光密度值大，氢氧化钠最佳浓度为20％。三种萃取液的光稳定性和抗还原性能均较好，其中H2O和HCl萃取液的抗氧化性能较弱，而NaOH萃取液的稳定性则较好，并且均可在一定的条件下保存几天，因此一次萃取一定量的桑叶染液可供给几天染色用，减少了提取桑叶染液的次数，节约了时间、劳力及能耗，有利于桑叶染料实用化的进程。     

Effects of hydrogen sulphide on quality and antioxidant capacity of mulberry fruit

Here we investigated the effect of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) on postharvest quality of mulberry fruit and possible underlying mechanisms. Endogenous H₂S content first increased after harvest and then decreased sharply with the process of ripening and senescence. A fumigation with H₂S released from 0.8 mm NaHS solution could significantly enhance the endogenous H₂S content by increasing the activities of D‐cysteine desulfhydrase and L‐cysteine desulfhydrase. NaHS could significantly slow down the ripening rate of mulberry fruit and reduce the respiratory intensity and anthocyanin content. Moreover, H₂S fumigation was able to obviously delay or slow down the decreases in soluble protein, titratable acidity and ascorbate contents. Further results showed that activities of representative antioxidant enzymes in H₂S‐treated sample were higher than those of control samples during storage, resulting in a decrease in superoxide anion production. Together, these results clearly indicate that H₂S fumigation has a potential role in the preservation of mulberries.     

Microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts by protein–polysaccharide interactions

Mulberry leaf extracts were generated using four concentrations of ethanol (50%, 60%, 70%, and 95% v/v). A 60% ethanolic mulberry leaf extract (60E) yielded a high total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Coating materials were derived using a combination of soy protein isolates (SPI) and low methoxyl (LM) pectin in a 1:1 ratio. The effect of various parameters on microencapsulation, such as pH (3.5, 4.0, and 4.5) and the concentration of coating materials (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% w/v), was studied. Microcapsules produced using 60E as a core material at pH 4.0 with 7.5% of coating material showed a high encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, TPC and antioxidant activity.     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法解析桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质

该研究通过研究桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物,为开发酒渣的价值提供一定的理论基础和数据支撑。建立云桑二号桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物的高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法（HPLC-Q-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS）定性分析方法。液相色谱使用ZORBAX SB-Aq(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8-Micron）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和0.1%(V/V）甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,采用ESI离子源在负离子模式进行质谱检测。最终鉴定出云桑二号桑椹酒渣中酚类物质共14种。然后利用标准品对照高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC）对高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法鉴定出的多酚类化合物进行了定量测定,发现桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质组成与桑椹大致相同。但各单体酚含量总体降低。其中,花青素类酚类物质含量最高的是天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷（718.30μg/g）,非花青素类多酚物质含量最高的是儿茶素（1 805.87μg/g）。这些结果表明桑椹酒渣酚类含量丰富,是开发健康食品的良好原料。     

不同pH条件下乳清蛋白-桑椹多酚复合营养粉的制备及其理化性质

近年来,蛋白质与多酚类物质的相互作用是食品领域的研究热点之一,两者的结合受到多种因素的影响,其中pH值是重要的影响因子。该文研究了不同pH值条件下桑椹多酚(Mulberry Polyphenols,MP)对乳清蛋白(Whey Protein,WP)理化性质和功能特性的影响。结果表明,桑椹多酚改变了复合蛋白粉的色泽、粒径大小和Zeta电位。同时,还提高了乳清蛋白的溶解性、乳化性能,在pH值3.0时乳清蛋白的乳化能力和乳化稳定性分别达到7.23 m²/g prot和89.56%,较对照组分别提高了2.66%和1.21%。通过高效液相色谱法对桑椹多酚-乳清蛋白粉中的单体酚类进行定量分析,在pH值5.0和7.0条件下结合的单体酚含量比pH值1.0和3.0高。此外,较空白对照组而言,添加桑椹多酚提高了乳清蛋白的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS⁺自由基清除能力和FRAP还原能力,最高分别达到89.28%、81.70%和530.95μmol/g prot。综上所述,利用动物蛋白结合植物多酚是创新功能食品组分的手段,反应体系的pH值对结合效率有重要影响,为今后...     

ZTC1＋1天然澄清剂在桑叶多糖提纯中的应用

考察Ⅱ型ZTC1＋1天然澄清剂在桑叶多糖提取中的提纯效果。以硫酸-蒽酮法测定多糖含量,通过正交试验优化天然澄清剂处理工艺。试验表明Ⅱ型ZTC1＋1天然澄清剂能有效地保留桑叶中的有效成分多糖。适宜工艺条件为药液浓缩程度为5mL／g,澄清剂B和A两组分的加入量分别为浓缩药液体积的2％和1％,絮凝温度50℃。在此工艺下,多糖保留率为96％,浸膏中多糖含量约为22％,蛋白去除率约为16％。     

白桑椹对老年大鼠的抗老化与降脂作用研究

研究了白桑椹对老年大鼠的抗老化与降脂作用。将老年大鼠分成3组:对照组、10%白桑椹果汁组和10%白桑椹果组。各组饲养8周后,将大鼠的血清和血液用于各项指标的测定。同时,设置正常(非老年)组作比较。结果表明,与正常组比较,老年大鼠的红细胞各项抗氧化酶活性降低,脂质过氧化水平提高,抗动脉硬化指数降低。与老年对照组相比,白桑椹果汁和白桑椹果组大鼠的红细胞抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px、膜结合酶(Na+-K+-ATP)酶活性以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均被提高;膜脂流动性得到改善;桑椹组的血清和红细胞膜中脂质过氧化产物MDA含量和血液总胆固醇含量降低;抗动脉硬化指数与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。表明白桑椹果与其果汁具有一定的抗老化、降脂和抗动脉硬化的效果。     

桑椹果酒酒糟中原花青素提取工艺研究

选用溶剂浸提法从桑椹果酒酒糟中提取花青素.通过单因素和响应面(BBD)试验优化提取工艺.结果表明,影响花青素提取量因素的优先次序为提取温度＞固液比＞提取时间,较优的提取工艺条件为提取温度80℃、提取时间150.3min、料液比1∶20.在该条件下,花色素提取量的理论预测值为1.92264mg/g,实际验证为1.894mg/g,提取得率达到理论预测值的98.5％.