A NEW APPROACH FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND ENUMERATION OF UNIQUE REACTION ROUTES AND UNIQUE OVERALL REACTIONS IN MULTIPLE CHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEMS

The methodology of response reactions (RERs) introduced earlier from thermodynamic and kinetic considerations is used in this work to develop a new algorithm for the classification and enumeration of unique/direct reaction routes (RRs) and overall reactions (ORs). According to the RERs approach, a unique set of both RRs and ORs may be generated starting from any conceivable set of linearly independent RRs and ORs. In particular, the direct ORs may be most conveniently enumerated starting from the formula matrix of the terminal species (reactants and products), i.e., without any relation to the elementary reactions comprising the detailed mechanism. Depending on the type of ORs produced by the RRs one can distinguish between two distinct types of direct RRs. Namely, one option is to define a direct RR by specifying the intermediate species that need to be eliminated. This type of RR is referred to as Milner RRs. The other option is to require the direct RRs to produce RERs, thus resulting in RRs referred to as Happel-Sellers RRs.     

External watchman routes

We consider the problem of finding a shortest watchman route from which the exterior of a polygon is visible (external watchman route). We present an O (n ⁴ log logn) algorithm to find shortest external watchman routes for simple polygons by transforming the external watchman route problem to a set of internal watchman route problems. Also, we present faster external watchman route algorithms for special cases. These include optimal O (n) algorithms for convex, monotone, star and spiral polygons and an O (n log logn) algorithm for rectilinear polygons.This work was supported in part by a grant from Texas Instruments, Inc. to S. Ntafos     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展

结合国内外研究情况，从技术路线和实施方法两个角度着重阐述了制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的方法，同时简单介绍了其应用情况，并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。     

考虑出行方向的广州出租车时空可达性研究

出行方向是可达性研究中的一个关键要素, 因此, 提出一种考虑出行方向的出租车时空可达性分析方法。根据出租车经验路径分方向构建经验等级路网, 采用基于分层路网的Dijkstra算法计算得到各OD对之间的行程时间, 作为可达性评价指标, 并采用网格法和反距离加权插值法绘制得到广州市中心商业区等时线及其渲染图, 分方向、分时段对其时空可达性进行分析。结果证明了不同出行方向下, 特别是处于高峰时段, 可达性有较大的不同。     

淮盐文化线路的判别与梳理

横跨古淮河尾闾南北、南至长江口、北到赣榆县的两淮海盐产区,是我国历史上最为悠久的海盐产区之一,在相当长一段时期内也是我国产量最高、规模最大的盐区,所以才有"天下盐利淮为大"的说法。从文化线路的视角,分别对文化线路应具备的时间指标、空间指标和文化功能指标这三个要素进行分析,阐述淮盐文化遗产满足文化线路遗产判别的基本要求,其具备较高的资源价值、遗产价值和旅游价值。     

一种带有路由反射的BGP路由预测算法

由于路由反射器的影响,路由器可能只知道非常有限的到达外部目的地的路由的子集,BGP路径选择过程并不会形成一个确定的路径等级顺序,使得路径预测变得非常困难.给出了一种算法,该算法不需要对路由协议动态进行复杂的模拟,只需要静态的路由数据就可以计算出带有路由反射的路由选择结果,并在一个模拟的大型ISP上验证了预测算法的正确性.结果显示配置的改变可以引起路由表的变化.     

Recent progress in continuous and semi-continuous processing of solid oral dosage forms: a review

Context: Continuous processing is an innovative production concept well known and successfully used in other industries for many years. The modern pharmaceutical industry is facing the challenge of transition from a traditional manufacturing approach based on batch-wise production to a continuous manufacturing model.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present technological progress in manufacturing based on continuous and semi-continuous processing of the solid oral dosage forms.

Methods: Single unit processes possessing an alternative processing pathway to batch-wise technology or, with some modification, an altered approach that may run continuously, and are thus able to seamlessly switch to continuous manufacturing are briefly presented. Furthermore, the concept of semi-continuous processing is discussed. Subsequently, more sophisticated production systems created by coupling single unit processes and comprising all the steps of production, from powder to final dosage form, were reviewed. Finally, attempts of end-to-end production approach, meaning the linking of continuous synthesis of API from intermediates with the production of final dosage form, are described.

Results: There are a growing number of scientific articles showing an increasing interest in changing the approach to the production of pharmaceuticals in recent years. Numerous scientific publications are a source of information on the progress of knowledge and achievements of continuous processing. These works often deal with issues of how to modify or replace the unit processes in order to enable seamlessly switching them into continuous processing. A growing number of research papers concentrate on integrated continuous manufacturing lines in which the production concept of “from powder to tablet” is realized. Four main domains are under investigation: influence of process parameters on intermediates or final dosage forms properties, implementation of process analytical tools, control-managing system responsible for keeping continuous materials flow through the whole manufacturing process and the development of new computational methods to assess or simulate these new manufacturing techniques. The attempt to connect the primary and secondary production steps proves that development of continuously operating lines is possible.

Conclusion: A mind-set change is needed to be able to face, and fully assess, the advantages and disadvantages of switching from batch to continuous mode production.     

2-Covered paths by a set of antennas with minimum power transmission range

In this paper we describe and solve the following geometric optimisation problem: given a set S of n points on the plane (antennas) and two points A and B, find the smallest radial range r∈^ℜ+ (power transmission range of the antennas) so that a path with endpoints A and B exists in which all points are within the range of at least two antennas. The solution to the problem has several applications (e.g., in the planning of safe routes). We present an O(nlogn) time solution, which is based on the second order Voronoi diagram. We also show how to obtain a path with such characteristics.     

浅析CDMA山区及交通干线覆盖方案

文章结合不同的用户分布和山区丘陵地形的特点进行站址选择和设备选型的分析,通过系统仿真来比较高山站与平地站的覆盖范围,综合考虑覆盖目标、建设成本和投资收益对二者进行取舍。直放站和射频拉远(RRU)是山区交通干线优化时的主力军,着重分析直放站对施主基站低噪抬升的影响。     

Cruise missile multiple routes planning based on hybrid particle swarm optimization

In order to solve cruise missile route planning problem for low-altitude penetration,a hybrid particle swarm optimization( HPSO) algorithm is proposed. Firstly,K-means clustering algorithm is applied to divide the particle swarm into multiple isolated sub-populations,then niche algorithm is adopted to make all particles independently search for optimal values in their own sub-populations. Finally simulated annealing( SA) algorithm is introduced to avoid the weakness of PSO algorithm,which can easily be trapped into the local optimum in the search process. The optimal value obtained by every sub-population search corresponds to an optimal route,multiple different optimal routes are provided for cruise missile. Simulation results show that the HPSO algorithm has a fast convergence rate,and the planned routes have flat ballisticpaths and short ranges which meet the lowaltitude penetration requirements.