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排序方式: 共有2041条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This study is to evaluate the potential for development of a cellulosic ethanol facility in Vietnam. Rice straw is abundant in Vietnam and highly concentrated in the Mekong Delta, where about 26 Mt year−1 of rice straw has been yearly produced. To minimize the overall production cost (PC) of ethanol from rice straw, it is crucial to choose the optimal facility size. The delivered cost of rice straw varied from 20.5 to 65.4 $ dry t−1 depending on transportation distance. The Mekong Delta has much lower rice straw prices compared with other regions in Vietnam because of high density and quantity of rice straw supply. Thus, this region has been considered as the most suitable location for deploying ethanol production in Vietnam. The optimal plant size of ethanol production in the region was estimated up to 200 ML year−1. The improvement in solid concentration of material in the hydrothermal pre-treatment step and using residues for power generation could substantially reduce the PC in Vietnam, where energy costs account for the second largest contribution to the PC, following only enzyme costs. The potential for building larger ethanol plants with low rice straw costs can reduce ethanol production costs in Vietnam. The current estimated production cost for an optimal plant size of 200 ML year−1 was 1.19 $ L−1. For the future scenario, considering improvements in pre-treatment, enzyme hydrolysis steps, specific enzyme activity, and applying residues for energy generation, the ethanol production cost could reduce to 0.45 $ L−1 for a plant size of 200 ML year−1 in Vietnam. These data indicated that the cost-competitiveness of ethanol production could be realized in Vietnam with future improvements in production technologies. 相似文献
2.
Rice straw is the most abundant agricultural residue on a global scale and is widely available as feedstock for cellulosic fuel production. However, it is highly recalcitrant to biochemical deconstruction and also generates inhibitors that affect enzymatic saccharification. Rice straw from eastern Arkansas was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (160 °C, 48 min and 1.0% sulfuric acid) and solid-state fermentation with two lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum, and their saccharification efficacies were compared. T. hirsuta and M. roridum were tested separately; pretreatment of rice straw with either strain for seven days resulted in 19 and 70% enrichment of its holocellulose content, respectively. However, liquid chromatography analysis of the alkali extracts showed significant differences in cell wall degradation by T. hirsuta and M. roridum. T. hirsuta removed 15% more phenolic compounds and 38% more glucan than M. roridum, while M. roridum removed 77% more xylan than T. hirsuta. Fungal and dilute acid pretreated biomass was then hydrolyzed using Accellerase® 1500, a saccharification cocktail. Saccharification efficiency of M. roridum was 37% higher than that of dilute acid pretreatment of rice straw, requiring 8% lower enzyme loading and 50% shorter enzymatic hydrolysis duration. Alkali extraction of fungal pretreated biomass also yielded 10–15 g kg−1 of acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), which is a valuable co-product for biorefineries. In comparison to dilute acid pretreatment, fungal pretreatment could be a cost-effective alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass, such as rice straw. 相似文献
3.
本文介绍了秸杆毡的成型工艺 ,通过植物所需的水、肥料和空气三种因素对秸杆毡的化学和物理性能进行了研究 ,该材料可被用作草皮栽培基质 相似文献
4.
Larissa Canilha Walter Carvalho Marco Giulietti Maria Das Graças Almeida Felipe João Batista Almeida E Silva 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):715-721
BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
阐述我国发展秸秆人造板工业的必要性和可行性,介绍了秸秆人造板的种类、我国秸秆人造板工业发展现状和发展过程中应注意的问题,并对今后的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
6.
不同预处理方法对稻秸纤维表面性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对稻秸原料进行水热、酸碱和冷等离子体预处理,分析了纤维表面的浸润性及表面自由基浓度的变化。研究表明,经水热及酸碱预处理后,纤维与水的接触角为90o,稻秸纤维的浸润性改善不明显,经冷等离子改性后,稻秸纤维表面浸润性改善非常明显。水热及乙酸处理有利于提高稻秸纤维的表面自由基浓度,碱处理则降低了稻秸纤维的表面自由基浓度。 相似文献
7.
预处理方式对小麦秸秆制备高吸水性树脂的影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
以小麦秸秆为原料合成高吸水性树脂需首先对秸秆进行预处理,通过实验分析,比较了预处理方式如酸处理、碱浸泡、氨水浸泡、碱蒸煮及其联合处理对秸秆及高吸水性树脂的影响;用晶相显微镜、IR等表征了处理前后秸秆的微观形貌、化学结构及树脂的化学结构等;结果表明,比较理想的预处理方式是碱蒸煮处理〔w(NaOH)=14%的水溶液、150℃、0.6 MPa、30 m in〕结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理30 m in,及w(NH3.H2O)=10%的氨水室温浸泡48 h结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理45 m in;两种方式所得高吸水性树脂吸收纯水的质量倍率分别为405 g/g和293 g/g,吸收w(复混肥)=0.1%的水溶液的质量倍率分别为124 g/g和82g/g〔复混肥中w(N)=w(P)=w(K)=10%,N、P、K分别以尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾存在〕。 相似文献
8.
9.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted on two common types of rye straws (Danko and Kustro) at a heating rate of 20°C/min in an oxidizing atmosphere (15% oxygen and 85% nitrogen, by volume) between ambient temperature and 700°C. The two step nature of the TGA curves and the dual peak characteristics of the DTA curves showed that rye straw had two distinct reaction zones. The initial degradation temperatures, the residual mass at 700°C, the thermal degradation rates in the first and second reaction zones and the kinetic parameters of each reaction zone (order of reaction, activation energy and pre-exponential factor) were determined. Higher thermal degradation rates were observed in the first reaction zone as compared to those in the second reaction zone. 相似文献
10.
Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China. 相似文献