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Trajectory tracking and roll stabilization are both vital practices in ship motion control. Trajectory tracking is a kind of low‐frequency control, while roll stabilization by means of fins is a kind of high‐frequency control. However, they have been studied separately previously; most tracking control of underactuated surface vessels in the previous studies do not account for roll stabilization by means of fins. In reality, however, they are an integral system. In this paper, a simple control strategy is proposed to achieve trajectory tracking and fin roll stabilization simultaneously. Four degrees of freedom derived from a six degrees of freedom mathematical model of a surface vessel is considered, including surge, sway, roll and yaw. Surge force, roll moment and yaw moment are considered as control inputs, while position, yaw angle and roll angle are controlled. The number of control inputs is fewer than the outputs to be controlled. Therefore, we are dealing with an underactuated problem. An adaptive hierarchical sliding mode control technique is employed to deal with the underactuation. Stabilization of underactuated surface vessels is studied as a special case. Random waves are applied to test the robustness of the designed controllers. Lyapunov stability theory is used to show the stability of closed‐loop system. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. 相似文献
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为研究以距离为观测量的主从式无人水面航行器(unmanned surface vehicle,USV)协同定位系统在不同运动状态下的定位性能问题,建立一种新的协同坐标系,并在该坐标系中推导主从USV运动模型,以主从USV相对距离为观测量分析主从式USV协同定位系统的可观测性及可观测度.同时,针对不可观测路径,提出通过改变控制输入的方法以达到提高系统可观测度的目的.通过MATLAB仿真实验与水面舰艇实验,结果表明:在不同情况下,通过调整控制输入的方法改变系统的可观测度是有效的;利用所提出的分析方法可以反映协同定位系统的定位性能,验证了所得结论及方法的有效性. 相似文献
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针对直流电机驱动固定双桨的无人水面艇,介绍了一种自主直线路径跟踪系统,该系统由岸基监控系统和艇载控制系统组成,具有自主航行和遥控航行两种工作模式,可在自主航行出现危险时切换到遥控模式,保证航行安全。岸基监控系统通过数传电台与艇载控制系统通信,向艇载控制系统发送控制命令,接收并显示其传回的状态信息;艇载控制系统以工控机为主控单元,进行数据采集与解算,与岸基监控系统通信,并为直线路径跟踪控制算法提供程序接口;GPS双天线高精度测向定位系统为直线路径跟踪控制算法提供位置和航向信息,直线路径跟踪控制算法根据距离偏差和航向偏差计算出左右两侧电机电压,进而控制无人水面艇航行。实验分别采用了PID、模糊控制和模糊PID三种控制方法,系统实际水上实验表明,在风力2~3级,晴到多云天气条件下,无人水面艇对目标路径的最大跟踪误差小于0.6 m。 相似文献
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针对高度动态、不可预测的海洋环境,开展了无人艇智能运动控制系统的设计研究.首先本文利用认知学科的"图式"概念来分析人体运动控制系统的结构,提出一种混合式分层递阶结构,把人类的先验知识、专家经验融入到该结构中,并在实践中不断学习和完善,则形成了一种混合仿人智能图式;然后根据该图式的思想,设计了自主驾控系统的体系结构,并编制成简单实用、逻辑性强、能实时运行的控制流程;最后进行了无人艇的航线跟踪和安全自主航行的半实物仿真试验,仿真结果表明该无人艇可以安全的避开其他船舶并尽量跟踪航线. 相似文献
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针对固定参数PID方法在无人水面艇直线路径跟踪控制中出现的大迴转问题,提出一种基于模糊PID的直线路径跟踪方法。在系统中增加模糊推理模块,利用航向与跟踪直线之间的偏差角以及无人艇位置与跟踪直线之间的距离误差,根据模糊推理的方法动态地调整PID参数。通过PID控制器实时调整左右两侧推进电机的输入电压,实现对给定直线路径的自主跟踪。仿真结果表明,在初始航向偏差角较大时,该方法克服了采用固定参数PID控制方法时出现的大迴转现象;在初始航向偏差角较小时,该方法在超调量以及调节时间方面的直线跟踪性能优于固定参数PID控制方法。 相似文献
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平行机器人与平行无人系统:框架、结构、过程、平台及其应用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文将基于ACP(Artificial societies,computational experiments,parallel execution)的平行系统思想与机器人领域相结合,形成一种软硬件相结合的框架,为无人机、无人车、无人船在复杂环境中实验、学习与实际工作提供便捷、安全的平台,即平行无人系统.本文从平行机器人的基本概念出发,提出平行无人系统的基本框架,并介绍了各模块的基本功能与实现方法,探讨了其中的关键技术.然后本文围绕无人机、无人车、无人船三个方面展望了无人平行系统在实际中的应用和所面临的挑战,提出了平行无人系统的未来发展方向. 相似文献
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In the rat, variations in maternal care affect the development of stable individual differences in anxiety-related behavior. Here, it was asked whether such experience-dependent differences can be detected already during early life. As a measure for anxiety in pups, isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations were used, and their dependency on different maternal behaviors, namely licking, retrieval behavior, and responsiveness to playback of pup calls, was tested. Consistent with reported differences of adult rats with high or low levels of maternal care experienced, the rarely licked offspring appeared to be more anxious, since they emitted more calls when separated from their mother and litter. Based on these findings, it was examined whether infant calling can be used as a predictor of adult anxiety-related behavior. Results show that infant call emission was negatively correlated with immobility and calling during fear conditioning. These relationships seem to be mediated at least partly by maternal care. In total, measuring ultrasonic vocalizations can provide information about an affective trait of infant and adult rats, which gives the opportunity to study the development of emotionality from early life onward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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为解决欠驱动USV系统在模型不确定性和未知海流干扰下的水平面轨迹跟踪问题,基于反步法与自适应技术,提出一种非线性鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制策略. 针对欠驱动USV参数不确定问题,运用神经网络自适应方法对欠驱动USV系统未知函数进行估计和逼近;然后,运用动态面方法获取虚拟变量的导数,不仅控制律结构简单,易于工程实现,而且有效地减小了传统反步法中虚拟变量直接求导的复杂性;针对未知时变海流的干扰,设计了一种指数收敛海流观测器,有效估计未知缓慢时变海流速度;其次,基于李雅普诺夫理论证明了所设计的控制器能够保证运动轨迹收敛于期望值,并且保证了该轨迹跟踪闭环控制系统所有信号最终一致有界;最后,在控制输入受限条件下,为检验该控制器的跟踪性能,选取圆轨迹作为参考轨迹,仿真实验表明,该控制器能够有效地实现预期轨迹,神经网络自适应方法对系统未知函数可有效估计和逼近,对未知时变海流干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,轨迹跟踪误差和速度跟踪误差均收敛到零附近的一个邻域内,从而验证了所提出控制器的有效性. 相似文献
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