Sputtered Fe1·5CoNi0.5 coating: An improved protective coating for SOFC interconnect applications

In an attempt to optimize the properties of FeCoNi coating for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect application, the coating composition is modified by increasing the ratio of Fe/Ni. An Fe_1·5CoNi_0.5 (Fe:Co:Ni = 1.5:1:0.5, atomic ratio) metallic coating is fabricated on SUS 430 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering, followed by oxidation in air at 800°C. The Fe_1·5CoNi_0.5 coating is thermally converted to (Fe,Co,Ni)₃O₄ and (Fe,Co,Mn,Ni)₃O₄ without (Ni,Co)O particles. After oxidation for 1680 h, no further migration of Cr is detected in the thermally converted coating region. A low oxidation rate of 5.9 × 10^?14 g² cm^?4 s^?1 and area specific resistance of 12.64 mΩ·cm² is obtained for Fe_1·5CoNi_0.5 coated steels.     

Farmers' preferences for adopting on-farm concentration of raw milk: Results from a discrete choice experiment in Germany

Milk concentrates are used in the manufacturing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese or are processed into milk powder. Processes for the nonthermal separation of water and valuable milk ingredients are becoming increasingly widespread at farm level. The technical barriers to using farm-manufactured milk concentrate in dairies are minimal, hence the suspicion that the practice of on-farm raw milk concentration is still fairly uncommon for economic reasons. This study, therefore, set out to investigate farmers' potential willingness to adopt a raw milk concentration plant. The empirical analysis was based on discrete choice experiments with 75 German dairy farmers to identify preferences and the possible adoption of on-farm raw milk concentration. The results showed that, in particular, farmers who deemed the current milk price to be insufficient viewed on-farm concentration using membrane technology as an option for diversifying their milk sales. We found no indication that adoption would be impeded by a lack of trustworthy information on milk processing technologies or capital.     

基于声源定位的高校在线巡课系统设计与研究

随着网络建设以及信息化教学方法在高校教学过程中的应用普及,越来越多的高校使用在线巡课系统对教师的教学过程进行跟踪和管理,以便发现课堂教学中的亮点、问题和不足。文章提出的在线巡课系统,基于声源定位的技术,对传统的在线巡课系统做出了改进,解决了已有巡课系统中“只闻其声,不见其人”的问题,能够更直观地跟踪到教师的教学过程,包括教学行为以及师生互动过程,有效提升教务人员巡课效果和体验感受。     

Ni2V2O7 dandelion microsphere for a high-performance electrocatalyst in water splitting

Water splitting is an effective way to produce hydrogen to solve the energy crisis problem, and inorganic metal compounds are widely used in electrocatalysis field due to efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we synthesize Ni₂V₂O₇ dandelion microsphere from nickel nitrate and vanadium pentoxide by “one-step hydrothermal” way, which exhibits large specific surface area of 102.74 m² g⁻¹. The as-prepared Ni₂V₂O₇ microsphere shows good electrocatalysis performances including OER overpotential of 358 mV and good stability, as well as HER overpotential of 195 mV. Furthermore, the Ni₂V₂O₇ microsphere electrode is assembled to Ni₂V₂O₇ microsphere//Ni₂V₂O₇ microsphere system, showing the water splitting voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm⁻² by two-electrode method, which is much lower than those of commercial RuO₂//Pt/C system and most of spinel oxides electrocatalysts. Our work opens up a new and facile avenue for fabricating inorganic microsphere electrocatalyst in hydrogen production field.     

Specific emitter identification for satellite communication using probabilistic neural networks

Electromagnetic signal emitted by satellite communication (satcom) transmitters are used to identify specific individual uplink satcom terminals sharing the common transponder in real environment, which is known as specific emitter identification (SEI) that allows for early indications and warning (I&W) of the targets carrying satcom furnishment and furthermore the real time electromagnetic situation awareness in military operations. In this paper, the authors are the first to propose the identification of specific transmitters of satcom by using probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to reach the goal of target recognition. We have been devoted to the examination by exploring the feasibility of utilizing the Hilbert transform to signal preprocessing, applying the discrete wavelet transform to feature extraction, and employing the PNN to perform the classification of stationary signals. There are a total of 1000 sampling time series with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation originated by five types of satcom transmitters in the test. The established PNNs classifier implements the data testing and finally yields satisfactory accuracy at 8 dB(±1 dB) carrier to noise ratio, which indicates the feasibility of our method, and even the keen insight of its application in military.     

PAM-粉煤灰体系在煤泥水絮凝沉降过程中的作用及机理

以煤泥水COD、SS、动电位、污泥比阻为切入点,分析了煤泥水的特点及难以絮凝沉降的原因,并研究了PAM-粉煤灰体系在混凝沉降作用中的机理。研究结果表明:PAM-粉煤灰法在最优条件下,清水分离率47%、沉降速度0.357 mm/s;上清液:pH=7.35,SS=55.57 mg/L,COD=37.72 mg/L;污泥比阻为0.062×10^15 m/kg,满足煤泥水循环标准。     

Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins

The use of proteins as therapeutics has a long history and is becoming ever more common in modern medicine. While the number of protein-based drugs is growing every year, significant problems still remain with their use. Among these problems are rapid degradation and excretion from patients, thus requiring frequent dosing, which in turn increases the chances for an immunological response as well as increasing the cost of therapy. One of the main strategies to alleviate these problems is to link a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group to the protein of interest. This process, called PEGylation, has grown dramatically in recent years resulting in several approved drugs. Installing a single PEG chain at a defined site in a protein is challenging. Recently, there is has been considerable research into various methods for the site-specific PEGylation of proteins. This review seeks to summarize that work and provide background and context for how site-specific PEGylation is performed. After introducing the topic of site-specific PEGylation, recent developments using chemical methods are described. That is followed by a more extensive discussion of bioorthogonal reactions and enzymatic labeling.