Unitary representations of the hyperfinite Heisenberg group and the logical extension methods in physics

In order to provide a general framework for applications of nonstandard analysis to quantum physics, the hyperfinite Heisenberg group, which is a finite Heisenberg group in the nonstandard universe, is formulated and its unitary representations are examined. The ordinary Schrödinger representation of the Heisenberg group is obtained by a suitable standardization of its internal representation. As an application, a nonstandard-analytical proof of noncommutative Parseval's identity based on the orthogonality relations for unitary representations of finite groups is shown. This attempt is placed in a general framework, called the logical extension methods in physics, which aims at the systematic applications of methods of foundations of mathematics to extending physical theories. The program and the achievement of the logical extension methods are explained in some detail.Dedicated to Professor Huzihiro Araki on his sixtieth birthday     

A transient chaotic associative memory model with temporary stay function

When chaotic dynamics is imparted to the neurons that compose the associative memory model, they search for stored patterns in a pattern space chaotically. However, this model has the deficiency that judgment of whether the stored pattern has been recollected or not is difficult because its behavior is always chaotic. Because all dynamics of the chaotic neurons are chaotic, chaotic transition is repeated. The transient‐chaotic associative network (TCAN) that Lee proposed changes from the state of chaos to the state of stability (nonchaos) transiently. Additionally, it has fast recollection speed, and has large memory capacity. However, the states of TCAN do not change chaotically. Based on these results, this paper proposes a transient chaotic associative memory model with a temporary stay function (TCAMMwithTSF) which has two capabilities: one is fast speed as the states of the model converge to a stored pattern, like TCAN, and the other is the ability to search the stored pattern in a pattern space chaotically, like chaotic neural networks. Finally, the characteristics and usefulness of TCAMMwithTSF are verified by a simulation study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(2): 29–36, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21077     

Potential inhibitory effects of D-allose, a rare sugar, on liver preneoplastic lesion development in F344 rat medium-term bioassay

D-allose, the C-3 epimer of d-glucose, is a monosaccharide present in minute quantities in nature and a rare sugar. The effects of D-allose on diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis were examined in male F344 rats by a rat medium-term bioassay based on the two-step model of hepatocarcinogenesis (experiment 1). In addition, a DNA microarray analysis was employed to clarify possible mechanisms of action of D-allose (experiment 2). The antioxidation potential of D-allose solution itself or of serum in rats treated with D-allose was also examined directly by measuring Cu(+)-reducing antioxidation power (experiment 3). Furthermore, to investigate the effects of D-allose in vivo under conditions of oxidative stress, it was administered with a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet (CDAA) in the medium-term liver carcinogenesis bioassay (experiment 4). Experiment 1 demonstrated no effects of D-allose on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver. From DNA microarray analysis, several mRNA markers were found to be altered with functions related to apoptosis and cell proliferation (experiment 2), although D-allose itself and serum in vivo exhibited no antioxidation power directly (experiment 3). When D-allose was administered with the CDAA diet, decreases in the area and number of GST-P positive foci were noted with P values of 0.158 for area (%) and 0.061 for number (/cm(2)) (experiment 4). These results suggest the potential inhibitory effect of D-allose on liver carcinogenesis, particularly under oxidative stress conditions.     

New fast lithium ionic conductor in the Li3NLiILiOH system

The electrical properties of Li₃NLiILiOH (1:2:x molar ratio) compounds are investigated. These quasi-ternary compounds have a cubic crystal structure similar to Li₅NI₂. The Li₃NLiILiOH (1:2:0.77) compound has a conductivity of 0.95 × 10_?1 (S/m at 25°C with an activation enthalpy of 24.6 (kJ/mol). All the compounds investigated are predominantly ionic conductors. The electronic transference number is smaller than 10^?5 and the decomposition voltage of these compounds is about 1.6V at 25°C.     

Formation process of tungsten borides by solid state reaction between tungsten and amorphous boron

Various kinds of tungsten borides were synthesized by solid state reaction between tungsten and amorphous boron powders. The mixed powders with various compositions (B/W = 0.4 to 13.0) were treated at 800 to 1550° C for 0 to 120 min in a stream of argon. Four kinds of boride phases such as W₂B, WB, W₂B₅ and WB₄ were formed, although the boride phase having the composition of the highest boride, WB₁₂, did not appear. The formation of W₂B was initiated approximately at 1000° C in excess of tungsten content. On the other hand, in the excess boron content, the formation of WB, W₂B₅ and WB₄ was initiated approximately at 800, 950 and 1200° C, respectively. The maximum formation amount and crystallinity of WB and W₂B₅ was found in nearly 10 at % excess boron content in their own stoichiometric compositions. The only crystalline phase of WB₄ was prepared with a large excess boron content. However, the formation behaviour of WB₄ showed that WB₄ is metastable above 1400° C. The stability of WB₄ phase could be increased by the presence of excess boron.     

Comparative effects of flaxseed and sesame seed on vitamin E and cholesterol levels in rats

Flaxseed and sesame seed both contain more than 40% fat, about 20% protein, and vitamin E, mostly γ-tocopherol. Furthermore, both contain considerable amounts of plant lignans. However, flaxseed contains 54% α-linolenic acid, but sesame seed only 0.6%, and the chemical structures of flaxseed and sesame lignans are different. In this study, we investigated the differential effects of flaxseed and sesame seed on plasma and tissue γ-tocopherol, TBARS, and cholesterol concentrations. Rats were fed experimental diets for 4 wk: vitamin E-free, (-VE), γ-tocopherol, flaxseed (FS), sesame seed (SS), flaxseed oil (FO), FO with sesamin (FOS), and defatted flaxseed (DFF). SS and FOS diets induced significantly higher γ-tocopherol concentrations in plasma and liver compared with FS, FO, and DFF diets. Groups fed FS, FO, and FOS showed lower plasma total cholesterol compared with the SS and DFF groups. Higher TBARS concentrations in plasma and liver were observed in the FS and FO groups but not in the FOS groups. These results suggest that sesame seed and its lignans induced higher γ-tocopherol and lower TBARS concentrations, whereas flaxseed lignans had no such effects. Further, α-linolenic acid produced strong plasma cholesterol-lowering effects and higher TBARS concentrations.     

Handwriting character classification using Freeman’s olfactory KIII model

KIII model is an olfactory model proposed by W. J. Freeman referring to a physiological structure of mammal??s olfactory system. The KIII model has been applied to kinds of pattern recognition systems, for example, electronic nose, tea classification, etc. However, the dynamics of neurons in the KIII model is given by Hodgkin-Huxley??s second-order differential equation and it consumes a very high computation cost. In this paper, we propose a simplified dynamics of chaotic neuron instead of the Hodgkin-Huxley dynamics at first, and secondly, we propose to use Fourier transformation with high resolution capability to extract features of time series behaviors of internal states of M1 nodes in KIII model instead of the conventional standard deviation method. Furthermore, paying attention to the point that human brain does visual processing as same as olfactory processing in the sense of information processing, a handwriting image recognition problem is treated as a new application field of KIII model. Through the computer simulation of the handwriting character classification, it is shown that the proposed method is useful by the comparison of experiment results with both computation time and recognition accuracy.