鲜苹果渣不同处理方式的成分变化研究

通过对4种不同处理方式所得干苹果渣组成的测定分析,比较其成分特别是营养成分的变化,为其作为动物喂养饲料,选择更适合的处理方式,提供理论依据。     

A variable reaction order model for prediction of curing kinetics of thermosetting polymers

Based on the study of the curing reaction of an fluorinated aliphatic cyanate ester resin using an isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) method, a new kinetics model with variable reaction order was proposed to describe the curing of thermosetting resins in both the chemical controlled and diffusion controlled regions. α-T_g relationship was used to calculate the diffusion controlled reaction rate constant during cure. Then the chemical and diffusion rate constants were combined in the Simon-Gillham equation to model the overall rate constant for the entire reaction. By using the overall rate constant combined with the variable reaction order, a simple model can be built up for prediction of curing kinetics of thermosetting polymer in both the chemical and the diffusion controlled regions. The new model is simple, easy to use and has very good agreement with the experimental results.     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/TiO_2催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以固体超强酸S2O82-/TiO2为催化剂,冰乙酸和异戊醇为原料合成了乙酸异戊酯,考察了反应条件对酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比1.5∶1,催化剂用量0.5g(当冰乙酸用量为0.1mol时),带水剂甲苯15ml,在110～118℃反应3h,其酯化率达96%以上。该方法的优点是酯化率高,催化剂可重复使用,且基本不腐蚀设备。     

以太网在工业应用中的实时能力分析

以工业控制过程为背景，详细分析以太网端到端的通信延迟，给出排队延迟的期望表达式，发送延迟和传输延迟的计算方法；通过仿真，分析网络节点数目、帧的长度和通信速率对以太网实时能力的影响，并提出以太网在工业应用中改善实时能力的方法。     

钛石膏作水泥缓凝剂的试验研究

试验了钛石膏中亚铁含量对水泥性能的影响，并检测了用处理后的钛石膏作缓凝剂的水泥物理性能及所配混凝土的收缩值，结果表明，掺钛石膏的水泥与掺天然石膏的水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间基本一致；钛石膏的掺量达4％～7％时，水泥的各龄期强度均比掺天然石膏的高；所配混凝土的收缩值基本相同。并进行了大磨中试，表明处理后的钛石膏完全可以代替天然石膏作水泥缓凝剂。     

环氧树脂微胶囊的制备研究

以脲醛树脂为壁材,E-51环氧树脂为囊芯,通过原位聚合法制备了环氧树脂微胶囊。探讨了反应过程中脲醛量比及反应温度、体系pH值、搅拌速度等实验条件对微胶囊表面形貌、结构、粒径及其分布和包封率的影响。并通过多种方法对微胶囊进行了检测和表征,在此基础上提出了制备环氧树脂微胶囊的最佳反应条件:n(尿素):n(甲醛)=1:2．0,以NH4Cl为酸性催化剂,催化剂分批加入,酸化3h,终点pH为2．0,反应温度70℃,搅拌转速450r／min,固化2h。     

乙二醛硝酸氧化制备尿囊素正交实验研究

研究了以乙二醛、硝酸和尿素为原料经氧化反应和缩合反应合成尿囊素的方法,考察了反应物配比、反应温度、时间等因素对尿囊素产率的影响,确定了氧化反应最佳工艺条件∶n(乙二醛)∶n(硝酸)=1∶1.2,第一阶段反应温度55℃,反应时间6 h;第二阶段反应温度75℃左右,反应时间约4.5 h。尿囊素总收率最高可达68.41%(以尿囊素物质的量计)。     

铅酸电池管式正极添加四碱式硫酸铅晶种的研究

在铅酸电池正极铅粉中加入一定量的四碱式硫酸铅（4BS）,按照工业化的操作工艺,制备出原料中4BS含量不同的正极板,并与常规负极板组装成小电池。对正极的初始容量和循环寿命等电化学性能做了测试,结果表明,在添加粒径为1.5 μm的4BS质量分数达1%时,65 ℃固化后,正极初始容量和循环寿命分别为未加4BS正极的1.02倍和1.06倍,4BS的加入提升了电池容量和电池寿命等的综合性能;XRD结果显示,原料中加4BS的正极中β-PbO₂含量稍高于未加4BS的正极;SEM结果显示,加4BS的正极活性物质更细小,大小更均匀。     

Phase evolution and thermophysical properties of high-entropy RE2(Y0.2Yb0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ce0.2)2O7 oxides

Pursuing novel thermal barrier–coating materials with lower thermal conductivity and high-temperature stability can simultaneously improve the working efficiency and service temperature of a gas turbine. In this study, a series of high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Er) oxides were prepared though solid-state reaction. Through tuning the rare-earth cations, an order–disorder transition occurs from certain partially ordered weberite structure (C222₁) to disordered defective fluorite structure (Fm$\overline{3}$m). All the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides possess low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.91–1.34 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature, which can be attributed to increased lattice anharmonicity and disorder, resulting in additional phonon scattering. Herein, we proved that the incorporation of heterovalent cations at B-sites in high-entropy A₂B₂O₇ crystals is an effective strategy to reduce the thermal conductivity without compromising the decrease of oxygen vacancy. Moreover, the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides show the relatively higher thermal expansion coefficients of 10.3–10.7 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ and excellent phase stability at elevated temperatures.     

开裂混凝土有效导热系数研究:三维模拟与试验验证

利用三维的细观数值模拟,研究了混凝土在单轴拉伸和压缩破坏过程中有效导热系数(ETC)的变化规律,并分别给出拉伸应变、压缩应变与ETC的定量关系。研究发现:(1)拉伸过程中,混凝土试件的ETC在塑性阶段显著下降(23%),但在软化阶段变化很小;(2)压缩过程中,混凝土试件的ETC在塑性强化阶段前期显著下降(30%),在塑性强化阶段后期趋于稳定,而在下降阶段又开始缓慢地减小;(3)骨料与砂浆间界面开裂所形成的界面热阻是导致混凝土ETC在塑性阶段急剧下降的主要原因;(4)开裂强化了混凝土导热性能的各向异性。随后,对单轴压缩破坏混凝土垂直于裂纹方向ETC(C-ETCV)进行了试验测量。数据表明:在单轴压缩过程塑性强化阶段前期,C-ETCV急剧下降20%~25%;在塑性强化阶段后期逐渐趋于稳定。随后利用模拟结果拟合确定了王家俊模型中的界面热阻因子,比较了王家俊模型与试验结果,两者比较吻合,证明了数值方法和王家俊模型的正确性。