基于正序阻抗幅值比的风电场送出线路纵联保护

针对风电场送出线路纵联保护在数据延时传输及异常采样数据下保护性能不佳的问题,提出了基于正序阻抗幅值比的纵联保护。通过分析风电系统送出线路发生区内外故障时正序阻抗幅值特征,得出区内外故障下双端正序阻抗幅值差异比特征不同。引入综合层次聚类(balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies, BIRCH)方法剔除正序阻抗幅值序列中异常采样数据,形成不含异常采样数据的故障时间序列聚类特征,并结合双端正序阻抗幅值差异比特征,构造不受数据延时传输影响的纵联保护判据。仿真结果表明,所提出的纵联保护不受系统运行工况、故障类型、数据延时传输及异常采样数据的影响。在过渡电阻达到150  时,所提出的纵联保护仍能正确判别故障方向,具有较强的抗噪性能,适用于含风电接入的弱馈型电力系统。     

一个实体关系与事件抽取的通用模型

信息提取的目的是从自然语言文件中找到具体信息,现有研究在信息抽取的实体关系和事件抽取任务中仅解决事件论元重叠和实体关系重叠的问题,未考虑两个任务共有的角色重叠问题,导致抽取结果准确率降低。提出一个两阶段的通用模型用于完成实体关系抽取和事件抽取子任务。基于预训练语言模型RoBERTa的共享特征表示,分别对实体关系/事件类型和实体关系/事件论元进行预测。将传统抽取触发词任务转化为多标签抽取事件类型任务,利用多尺度神经网络进一步提取文本特征。在此基础上,通过抽取文本相关类型的事件论元,根据论元角色的重要性对损失函数重新加权,解决数据不平衡、实体关系抽取和事件抽取中共同存在论元角色重叠的问题。在千言数据集中事件抽取和关系抽取任务测试集上的实验验证了该模型的有效性,结果表明,该模型的F1值分别为83.1%和75.3%。     

Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Zn Single Atoms and CuNx Clusters for Synergetic Catalytic Reduction of CO2

Reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the initial and necessary step of CO₂ hydrogenation to high value-added products, and regulating the selectivity of CO is still a fundamental challenge. In the present study, an efficient catalyst (CuZnN_x@C-N) composed by Zn single atoms and Cu clusters stabilized by nitrogen sites is reported. It contains saturated four-coordinate Zn-N₄ sites and low valence CuN_x clusters. Monodisperse Zn induces the aggregation of pyridinic N to form Zn-N₄ and N₄ structures, which show strong Lewis basicity and has strong adsorption for *CO₂ and *COOH intermediates, but weak adsorption for *CO, thus greatly improves the CO₂ conversion and CO selectivity. The catalyst calcined at 700 °C exhibits the highest CO₂ conversion of 43.6% under atmospheric pressure, which is 18.33 times of Cu-ZnO and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate (49.9%) of CO₂. In the catalytic process, CuN_x not only adsorbs and activates H₂, but also cooperates with the adjacent Zn-N₄ and N₄ structures to jointly activate CO₂ molecules and further promotes the hydrogenation of CO₂. This synergistic mechanism will provide new insights for developing efficient hydrogenation catalysts.     

Recent Progress of Bismuth Effect on All-Inorganic Lead-Free Metal Halide Derivatives: Crystals Structure,Luminescence Properties,and Applications

Bismuth (Bi³⁺)-included lead-free metal halide (LFMH) materials attract much attention in lighting, display, photodetectors, X-ray detectors, and photovoltaic fields, due to the tunable luminescence and optoelectronic performance in response to crystal and electronic structure, morphology, and particle sizes. This review summarizes Bi³⁺-included LFMH materials about their preparation approach, crystal and electronic structure properties, luminescence performance, and emerging applications. Notably, Bi³⁺ ions not only can act as framework cation to construct stable LFMH structure, but can also incorporate into LFMH materials as activators or sensitizers to generate remarkable luminescence tuning and band engineering. The Bi³⁺ effect on the luminescence and optoelectronic properties of LFMH materials, including, promotion of exciton localization, enhancement of light absorption in near-ultraviolet region, action as sensitizer ions to transfer energy to rare earth or transition metal ions and emission of highly-efficient light is systematically summarized. The proposed structure-luminescence relationship offers guidance for the optimization of current Bi³⁺-included LFMH materials and the exploitation of new LFMH derivatives.     

基于优化 ELM 的光纤连接器表面自识别降噪技术

光纤连接器的表面检测属于精密仪器检测,因此工厂环境中的大量灰尘会影响连接器表面的复原效果。然而现有的检测技术运行时间长,对于图像细节的保留能力差,并且难以克服实际工作环境中的干扰。因此提出一种优化超限学习机的自识别降噪技术。首先对于干涉数据进行降维处理;其次,采用AdaBoost算法优化超限学习机对噪声点进行定位;最后通过滤波算法对噪声点位置进行修复。实验得出,基于AdaBoost-Elm的自识别降噪算法具有较高的噪声识别能力,其平均噪声识别率达97.33%。此外,采用基于AdaBoost-Elm降噪算法得到BBS的平均值为131.14,NRIQAVR的平均值为2.61,降噪效果均优于全局滤波算法。最后,通过模拟工厂环境,采用基于AdaBoost-Elm的中值滤波算法在不同光强条件下对重度污染的光纤探头进行3D复原测试,其BBS达到130左右,NRIQAVR低于2.57,对比基于Elm的中值滤波算法具有明显优势。     

含MMC的交直流输电系统短路电流统一求解方法

针对含模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的交直流输电系统短路电流水平校核问题,在考虑MMC的运行方式和控制系统的基础上,建立了MMC交流侧故障模型。在对比分析了同步机电源和MMC输出短路电流的机理后,通过近似求解并网点(PCC)处电压将MMC交流侧故障模型简化为电流源模型以实现PCC处电压和MMC输出电流之间的解耦。对支路进行合理编号并筛选出电源支路和待求短路电流所在无源支路,基于电网络理论将联络节点构成的无源网络用混合参数表征,经推导得到了含MMC的电网短路电流计算的统一求解方法。不同工况下的仿真结果表明,通过建立各控制策略下的MMC交流侧故障模型,所提算法能准确统一求解不同MMC交流侧故障下的短路电流,可用于含MMC的交直流输电系统的设备选型和保护系统设计。     

一种高输入电压高PSRR的带隙基准电路设计

在高压宽输入范围的芯片中,高压电源一般不直接作为带隙基准电路的电源。传统方案采用齐纳二极管加源随器将高压输入转换为低压电源,为带隙基准供电,然而低压电源波动过大,降低了带隙基准的PSRR。电源由反馈环路产生,可以提供高PSRR性能。文章提出了一种输入电压范围为5~65 V,通过闭环负反馈产生低压电源和1.2 V基准电压的带隙基准电路,适用于宽输入电压芯片,如Buck、电机驱动或模拟ASIC芯片。该带隙基准电路的电源是将自身产生的电流流经PMOS,由PMOS的VGS确定。因此低压电源不随输入电压变化,线性调整率极低。该电路由预处理电路、启动电路和带隙基准电路组成,采用负反馈稳压设计,不使用齐纳二极管,不引入额外的掩膜层,降低了电路成本。在CSMC 0.25 μm BCD工艺下,基准电压线性调整率低至0.000 091%,输入电压在5~65 V范围内基准变化小于1 μV,低频PSRR为-160 dB@100 Hz,温度系数为2.8×10-5/℃。     

数据治理标准化发展现状与启示

全面梳理了数据治理标准化工作的发展趋势、标准化组织和典型数据治理标准,阐述了数据治理标准化的概念内涵和现有挑战;分别论述了标准化基本方法在数据治理中的应用,以及数据治理对标准化工作的支撑作用,并提出了后续工作建议。     

Comprehensive summary of solid oxide fuel cell control: a state-of-the-art review

A thermoelectric generation (TEG) system has the weakness of relatively low thermoelectric conversion efficiency caused by heterogeneous temperature distribution (HgTD). Dynamic reconfiguration is an effective technique to improve its overall energy efficiency under HgTD. Nevertheless, numerous combinations of electrical switches make dynamic reconfiguration a complex combinatorial optimization problem. This paper aims to design a novel adaptive coordinated seeker (ACS) based on an optimal configuration strategy for large-scale TEG systems with series–parallel connected modules under HgTDs. To properly balance global exploration and local exploitation, ACS is based on ‘divide-and-conquer’ parallel computing, which synthetically coordinates the local searching capability of tabu search (TS) and the global searching capability of a pelican optimization algorithm (POA) during iterations. In addition, an equivalent re-optimization strategy for a reconfiguration solution obtained by meta-heuristic algorithms (MhAs) is proposed to reduce redundant switching actions caused by the randomness of MhAs. Two case studies are carried out to assess the feasibility and superiority of ACS in comparison with the artificial bee colony algorithm, ant colony optimization, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing algorithm, TS, and POA. Simulation results indicate that ACS can realize fast and stable dynamic reconfiguration of a TEG system under HgTDs. In addition, RTLAB platform-based hardware-in-the-loop experiments are carried out to further validate the hardware implementation feasibility.