Intuitionistic fuzzy transformation semigroups

The idea of (faithful) intuitionistic fuzzy transformation semigroup, intuitionistic admissible relation, and intuitionistic (strong) homomorphism are introduced and their basic properties are examined.     

On-chip whole blood plasma separator based on microfiltration,sedimentation and wetting contrast

Miniaturized on-chip blood separators have a great value for point-of-care diagnosis. In our work, a combined design strategy—microfiltration, sedimentation in a retarded flow, and wetting contrast—was taken to overcome the known limitations of on-chip blood separators. Our microfluidic chip consists of a polydimethylsiloxane micropillar array and an etched glass with microchannel branches. The red blood cells are significantly slowed and gradually settled down due to micropillars and enlarged dimension of a chamber. An etched glass microchannel allows the extraction of blood plasma exclusively due to the capillary effect. The fabricated microfluidic device can separate blood plasma from a whole blood sample without any external driving force or dilution. The measured plasma separation efficiency was close to 100 % from human whole blood. Autonomous on-chip separation and collection of blood plasma was demonstrated.     

Influence of disk curvature on slider attitude under operational shock conditions for a 2.5-in. hard disk drive

Recently, the number of disks in hard disk drives has increased, and the gap between the slider and disk has decreased. These changes make the contact between the ramp and disk easily. External shock and ramp–disk contact can cause change in disk curvature. Such a change in disk curvature affects the air bearing pressure between the slider and disk. However, disk curvature has not been considered in the previous research. Thus, in this study, we investigated the influence of disk curvature on slider dynamics. Disk curvature was calculated from a transient shock analysis, and was then applied to slider dynamic analysis. As a result, disk curvature reduced the shock performance, by decreasing the minimum flying height and increasing the pitch and roll angle of the slider.     

Fuzzy filter for nonlinear sampled-data systems: Intelligent digital redesign approach

This paper presents a fuzzy filter design method for nonlinear sampled-data systems using an intelligent digital redesign (IDR) technique. Based on a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, discretized closed-loop systems with pre-designed analog fuzzy and digital fuzzy filters are presented. An IDR problem is given to guarantee both state-matching condition and asymptotic stability. Sufficient conditions for solving the IDR problem are proposed and are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Approaches to extended non-quadratic stability and stabilization conditions for discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems

This paper provides simple and effective linear matrix inequality (LMI) characterizations for the stability and stabilization conditions of discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems. To do this, more general classes of non-parallel distributed compensation (non-PDC) control laws and non-quadratic Lyapunov functions are presented. Unlike the conventional non-quadratic approaches using only current-time normalized fuzzy weighting functions, we consider not only the current-time fuzzy weighting functions but also the l-step-past (l?0) and one-step-ahead ones when constructing the control laws and Lyapunov functions. Consequently, by introducing additional decision variables, it can be shown that the proposed conditions include the existing ones found in the literature as particular cases. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches.     

Software modeling and analysis using a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net

Petri net is used widely to analyze and model various systems formally. Recently, many Petri nets mania devote their efforts to enhancing and extending the expressive power of Petri nets. One such effort is to extend Petri nets with object-oriented concepts. An object-oriented paradigm provides excellent concepts to model real-world problems. Object-oriented concepts allow us to build software systems easily, intuitively, and naturally. Although several high-level Petri nets with the concept of objects are suggested, these nets do not fully support the object-oriented concepts. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net (HOONet). The formal syntax and semantics of HOONet are explained in detail. HOONet supports a wide range of object-oriented features including abstract, encapsulated and modularized objects, object interaction by message passing, inheritance, and ploymorphism. HOONet also supports a variety of modeling and analysis mechanisms such as incremental modeling of evolving systems, unfolding the HOONet to lower level Petri net, and incremental reachability analysis for HOONet models. We demonstrate the usefulness of HOONet by applying it to modeling and analysis with an example.     

Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Flexible-Joint Robots Using Neural Networks: Dynamic Surface Design Approach

In this paper, we propose a new robust output feedback control approach for flexible-joint electrically driven (FJED) robots via the observer dynamic surface design technique. The proposed method only requires position measurements of the FJED robots. To estimate the link and actuator velocity information of the FJED robots with model uncertainties, we develop an adaptive observer using self-recurrent wavelet neural networks (SRWNNs). The SRWNNs are used to approximate model uncertainties in both robot (link) dynamics and actuator dynamics, and all their weights are trained online. Based on the designed observer, the link position tracking controller using the estimated states is induced from the dynamic surface design procedure. Therefore, the proposed controller can be designed more simply than the observer backstepping controller. From the Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that all signals in a closed-loop adaptive system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the simulation results on a three-link FJED robot are presented to validate the good position tracking performance and robustness of the proposed control system against payload uncertainties and external disturbances.     

Response to ‘Comments on: A cohesion measure for object‐oriented classes’

Indicating that CBMC does not satisfy the monotonic property in terms of the number of interactions, Xu and Zhou proposed an augmented definition of CBMC by adopting cut set instead of glue methods. The augmented CBMC clearly satisfies the monotonic property. However, CBMC is designed to overcome the problem with respect to the number of interactions and, therefore, focuses on the interaction pattern, especially, member connectivity. Consequently, it does not make sense to mention the monotonic property of CBMC with respect to interaction number. Moreover, the notion of glue methods allows several interpretations on the design quality of a class. However, that meaningful interpretation is not possible for the augmented definition due to the removal of the notion of glue methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical stability of symmetric solitary-wave-like waves of a two-layer fluid—Forced modified KdV equation

Forced internal waves at the interface of a two-layer incompressible fluid in a two-dimensional domain with rigid horizontal boundaries are studied. The lower boundary is assumed to have a small obstruction. We derive a time-dependent forced modified KdV equation when the KdV theory fails and study the stabilities of four types of symmetric time-independent solitary-wave-like solutions numerically.     

A new view of fuzzy ideals in \Upgamma-rings

By means of a kind of new idea, we redefine fuzzy ideals and fuzzy interior ideals in a $\Upgamma$ -ring and investigate some of their related properties. In particular, we show that the regular and semisimple $\Upgamma$ -rings can be described by using these kinds of generalized fuzzy ideals.