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41.
Claudia Archetti Nicola Bianchessi Stefan Irnich M. Grazia Speranza 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2014,21(3):353-374
In this paper, we present and compare formulations for the inventory routing problem (IRP) where the demand of customers has to be served, over a discrete time horizon, by capacitated vehicles starting and ending their routes at a depot. The objective of the IRP is the minimization of the sum of inventory and transportation costs. The formulations include known and new mathematical programming formulations. Valid inequalities are also presented. The formulations are tested on a large set of benchmark instances. One of the most significant conclusions is that the formulations that use vehicle‐indexed variables are superior to the more compact, aggregate formulations. 相似文献
42.
Josianne Lefebvre Federico Galli Claudia L. Bianchi Gregory S. Patience Daria C. Boffito 《加拿大化工杂志》2019,97(10):2588-2593
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a quantitative surface analysis technique used to identify the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state, and electronic state of an element. The kinetic energy of the electrons escaping from the material surface irradiated by an x‐ray beam produces a spectrum. XPS identifies chemical species and quantifies their content and the interactions between surface species. It is minimally destructive and is sensitive to a depth between 1–10nm. The elemental sensitivity is in the order of 0.1 atomic %. It requires ultra high vacuum ( Pa) in the analysis chamber and measurement time varies from minutes to hours per sample depending on the analyte. XPS dates back 50 years ago. New spectrometers, detectors, and variable size photon beams, reduce analysis time and increase spatial resolution. An XPS bibliometric map of the 10 000 articles indexed by Web of Science[1] identifies five research clusters: (i) nanoparticles, thin films, and surfaces; (ii) catalysis, oxidation, reduction, stability, and oxides; (iii) nanocomposites, graphene, graphite, and electro‐chemistry; (iv) photocatalysis, water, visible light, and ; and (v) adsorption, aqueous solutions, and waste water. 相似文献
43.
Definition of the problem
In Germany as well as in many other countries, mentally ill criminals who are not guilty by reasons of insanity can be sentenced to psychiatric treatment in forensic clinics. In 2011, the German Constitutional Court substantially strengthened these patients’ right to self-determination in case of treatment refusal.Arguments
In this context, we discuss the significance of instruments of advance healthcare planning. First, we describe the context of psychiatric treatment in forensic clinics and the changes the new German legal regulations brought about. A case study helps to illustrate the consequences of treatment refusal for both patient and healthcare personnel.Conclusion
Eventually, we discuss if and how advance directives and joint crisis plans can be useful in forensic clinics and how additional measures can help to facilitate patient self-determination.44.
Claudia Li Jian Song Shude Zhang Xiaoyao Tan Xiuxia Meng Jaka Sunarso Shaomin Liu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(5):2268-2284
New CO2-resistant dual-phase Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.925–SrCo0.4Fe0.55Zr0.05O3-δ (SDC-SCFZ) ceramics present a promising outlook for potential future applications in membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells. Their high oxygen permeation flux and stability in CO2 sweep gas also allow their integration in oxyfuel combustion. Here the structural characteristics, electrical conductivities, thermal expansion behaviors, and oxygen permeabilities of four different SDC-SCFZ membranes with weight ratios of 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (SDC:SCFZ) are systematically studied. Among these four SDC-SCFZ compositions, 0.6 mm-thick 25 wt% SDC-75 wt% SCFZ displayed the highest oxygen permeation fluxes that reach 1.26 mL min−1 cm−2 at 950°C and retained its phase integrity under alternating He and CO2 sweep gas over 72 hours of operation. This composite also showed a moderate thermal expansion coefficient of 1.90 × 10−5 K−1 between 30°C and 1000°C and an electrical conductivity of at least 16 S cm−1 at 550°C and above. Modeling studies revealed that the oxygen permeation fluxes through 25SDC-75SCFZ are limited by surface exchange reactions from 700°C to 800°C and mixed bulk diffusion and surface exchange reactions above 800°C. 相似文献
45.
Brianna L. Musicó Quinton Wright Cordell Delzer T. Zac Ward Claudia J. Rawn David G. Mandrus Veerle Keppens 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(7):3750-3759
The multicomponent approach has been successfully expanded to the Ruddlesden–Popper structure with the synthesis of two different high-entropy cuprate compositions: (La0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2)2CuO4 and (La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)2CuO4. The effect of synthesis method is explored using both solid-state reaction and polymeric steric entrapment (PSE) methods. It is found that PSE leads to more randomly distributed cation species, providing an advantageous method of synthesis for the growing field of high entropy oxides. In situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction tracks the amorphous to crystalline phase transformation in (La0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2)2CuO4 powder, synthesized using the PSE method. Using the High-Temperature XRD data, a method for gaining information on the kinetic behavior is also applied. Magnetometry of both compositions indicates ferrimagnetic behavior at low temperatures. 相似文献
46.
Hélida V. P. Vieira Priscila F. Oliveira Josane A. Costa Leonardo A. de Oliveira Letícia S. Mota Claudia R. E. Mansur 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(44):51301
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) is the most widely used polymer in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. However, under conditions of high temperature and salinity, the PHPA molecules become hydrolyzed, causing a drastic reduction of the viscosity of the polymer solution due to the presence of negative charges, making the molecules more susceptible to interactions with cations. In this sense, in order to increase the stability of these polymers, an anionic monomer more resistant to cations such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has been incorporated into the HPAM molecules. This work evaluated the thermal stability of a copolymer (acrylamide and AMPS - AN125) and a terpolymer (acrylamide, acrylate, and AMPS-FP5115) in the time course of 360 days. The tests were carried out in typical conditions of Brazilian offshore reservoirs, such as absence of oxygen, high temperature, and high salt concentration. The test method involved measurements of intrinsic viscosity in function of time and determination of the hydrolysis degree of the polymers by elemental analysis. The copolymer AN125 was more stable under the test conditions than the terpolymer FP 5115 due to the presence of a higher concentration of AMPS in the copolymer. The AMPS group was hydrolyzed to AA at a temperature of 100 °C, however, the increase in salt concentration delayed the onset of this degradation. The tests indicated that the presence of a higher AMPS content in the copolymer does not prevent the polymer from undergoing hydrolysis, but delays the polymer precipitation step in the solution. 相似文献
47.
Edward J. Daniels Joseph A. CarpenterJr. Claudia Duranceau Michael Fisher Candace Wheeler Gerald Winslow 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(8):28-32
Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75%
of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials
recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share
of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present
special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles
continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the
U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses
this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling.
For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393,
Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov. 相似文献
48.
Gil Francopoulo Nuria Bel Monte George Nicoletta Calzolari Monica Monachini Mandy Pet Claudia Soria 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2009,43(1):57-70
Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language
processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this
respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid
for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for
lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.
相似文献
Claudia SoriaEmail: |
49.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a powerful microscopy technique for providing contrast of biological and other systems by differences in molecular species or their environments. However, the cost of equipment and the complexity of data analysis have limited the application of FLIM. We present a mathematical model and physical implementation for a low cost digital frequency domain FLIM (DFD-FLIM) system, which can provide lifetime resolution with quality comparable to time-correlated single photon counting methods. Our implementation provides data natively in the form of phasors. On the basis of the mathematical model, we present an error analysis that shows the precise parameters for maximizing the quality of lifetime acquisition, as well as data to support this conclusion. The hardware and software of the proposed DFD-FLIM method simplifies the process of data acquisition for FLIM, presents a new interface for data display and interpretation, and optimizes the accuracy of lifetime determination. 相似文献