考虑电动汽车充电负荷及储能寿命的充电站储能容量配置优化

提出了一种优化电动汽车充电站储能容量配置的方法。该方法考虑了季节性电动汽车充电负荷波动与光伏出力之间的关系,并且考虑了储能寿命。论文利用蒙特卡罗法考虑了不同类型电动汽车的多种影响因素,对整体负荷进行预测。以每日运行成本最低为优化目标,在考虑四季光伏出力和储能寿命的影响下,采用了3种算法对目标函数进行优化,以得到最佳的光储充电站储能配置方案。研究以西北某地区为例。结果表明：冬季下综合成本为3.043 2×106元,相比于其余3个季节综合成本最低;采用遗传算法时,在综合成本相差不多时,获得的储能配置最优,储能容量为22.82 MWh,储能功率为7.31 MW,从而得到光储充电站最优的储能容量配置。     

一种极化-多普勒气象雷达的射频干扰滤波方法

为了滤除极化-多普勒气象雷达中的射频干扰,该文提出利用谱极化滤波器,适用于同时发射同时接收(STSR)和分时发射同时接收(ATSR)体制的极化气象雷达。首先利用C波段STSR气象雷达的实测数据研究射频干扰的时域、频域和极化域特性,建立射频干扰信号模型。然后,在X波段ATSR雷达的数据中仿真加入射频干扰,验证谱极化滤波器的有效性。总体看来,在ATSR雷达中利用谱极化滤波器可以有效保留降雨目标并且滤除射频干扰。最后,针对STSR雷达提出利用数据分集的方法,STSR雷达的实测数据可以模拟ATSR雷达数据,再利用谱极化滤波器实现射频干扰滤除,同样可以取得较好的滤波效果。      

预冷库内环境温湿度差异对猪胴体品质的影响

通过对猪胴体中心温度、pH值、肉色及菌落总数等指标进行测定,研究二段式预冷工艺条件下0～4 ℃单向风机排布预冷库内不同位置环境温度和环境相对湿度的差异对猪胴体品质的影响。结果表明：预冷库内不同位置环境温度和环境相对湿度之间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;环境温度低的位置,其猪胴体中心温度下降快;预冷库内不同位置处pH值下降幅度存在差异,位置1、3、6处pH值下降较快,且与同轨道其他位置存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）;不同位置处猪胴体的肉色变化趋势存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,冷库内不同位置环境温度的差异可能是造成猪胴体亮度值和红度值有不同变化趋势的原因之一;不同轨道的猪胴体菌落总数存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,回风口位置处菌落总数最小。     

Polyoxometalate-based silica-supported ionic liquids for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization in fuels

With the aim of deep desulfurization, silica-supported polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids were successfully prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal process and employed in heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization of various sulfur compounds. The compositions and structures of the hybrid samples were characterized by various methods such as FT-IR, XPS, Raman,UV–Vis, wide-angle XRD and N_2 adsorption–desorption. The experimental results indicated that the hybrid materials presented a high dispersion of tungsten species and excellent catalytic activity for the removal of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene without any organic solvent as extractant, and the sulfur removal could reach 100.0% under mild conditions.The catalytic performance on various substrates was also investigated in detail. After cycling seven cycles, the sulfur removal of the heterogeneous system still reached 93.0%. The GC-MS analysis results demonstrated that the sulfur compound was first adsorbed by the catalyst and subsequently oxidized to its corresponding sulfone.     

非离子表面活性剂对木质纤维素酶解的促进作用

纤维素酶单位酶活力较低、酶用量较高及酶自身易失活等因素依然是木质纤维素工业生产能源和生物基产品的瓶颈性问题。本文尝试在木质纤维素基质水解时添加一些非离子型表面活性剂以减少纤维素酶用量,并对这些非离子型表面活性剂促进酶解效率提高的原因进行了初步探讨。研究发现,添加非离子性表面活性剂能提高木质纤维素的酶解,添加浓度为0.05 g/g底物,常压甘油自催化预处理麦草经过添加两种非离子表面活性剂Tween-80和PEG 6000后葡萄糖产量分别可提高20%左右;非离子表面活性剂对不含木质素的原料酶解产糖也有较大的提高,以滤纸为底物时葡萄糖产量提高近90%,以微晶纤维素为底物时分别提高70%以上;添加非离子表面活性剂使得酶解体系中扩散系数k升高,异相反应效率提高,酶促反应动力学Km值明显减小,显著提高底物对纤维素酶的亲和力。     

Optimization of concrete hollow brick using hybrid genetic algorithm combining with artificial neural networks

A structure optimization of concrete hollow brick with four rectangle enclosures is carried out to minimize the equivalent thermal conductivity (ETC) in the constraint of variable shape and position parameters. During the optimization hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is developed combining with artificial neural networks (ANN). The modified Latin hypercube sampling (i.e. the maximum minimum distance criterion) is employed to make a robust decision. The ETC of the samples is computed using the finite volume method (FVM) on the basis of 3D multi-mode heat transfer simulation. It indicates that the well-trained ANN can accurately predict the ETC of the concrete hollow brick which matches very well with data obtained from the FVM simulation. The optimization obtains 21.69% improvement on the ETC for the given range of design parameters. The optimized concrete hollow brick owns the largest void volume fraction, the minimum rid and wall thickness, same width of the enclosure, and the optimum staggered arrangement with two same large enclosures and two same small enclosures, which is resulted by the multi-mode heat transfer characteristic of the concrete hollow brick. A novel method of the optimum concrete hollow is proposed to construct new concrete hollow brick with many rows of enclosures. Relative Staggered Ratio (RSR) is used to discuss the effect of the staggered form. By combining two or more rows of the optimized enclosures to one brick with the same size the efficiency to block heat transfer is evidently improved. It is concluded by the present work that the combination of ANN and HGA and the popularizing method are powerful to the optimization of the concrete hollow brick.     

化学机械抛光超薄SUS304不锈钢抛光液研究

柔性显示已成为下一代显示技术的研究热点,不锈钢材料是柔性大尺寸显示器衬底的主要材料之一。为优化不锈钢表面的超光滑无损伤加工,采用化学机械抛光（CMP）技术,通过正交试验,研究磨料粒度尺寸、分散剂、氧化剂、磨料质量、缓蚀剂用量等因素对抛光后材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响。试验结果表明:磨料粒度尺寸对表面粗糙度的影响最大,其次为双氧水、丙三醇、草酸、磨料质量;影响材料去除率的因素排列是磨料粒度尺寸、磨料含量、丙三醇含量、草酸含量、双氧水含量。      

糖基化酪蛋白乳液的流变性质及稳定性研究

考察转谷氨酰胺酶催化酪蛋白与壳寡糖发生的糖基化反应和交联反应对酪蛋白乳液流变性质及稳定性的影响,表征了乳液的平均粒径、力学谱图和表观黏度变化。结果表明:糖基的导入对酪蛋白乳液的平均粒径影响较小,但是电位值增加;糖基的导入导致乳液液滴的网络结构发生重排的速度减慢,稳定性提高,而交联反应破坏了乳液的稳定性;修饰反应导致酪蛋白乳液的表观黏度增加。     

Impact of the Relationship between Phase Change Temperature and Boundary Temperature on the Thermal Performance of a PCM Wall and the Presentation of PCM Thermal Performance Indexes

In the composite phase change material (PCM) building envelope, the matching relationship between the phase change temperature of the PCM and the wall's boundary temperature significantly affects the energy storage performance of the PCM building envelope. In this paper, a type of concrete hollow block with a typical structure and a common PCM were adopted to produce multiform composite PCM hollow blocks, and the temperature changing hot chamber method was performed to test the thermal performance of the hollow block walls under different temperature conditions. New indexes were proposed for the thermal performance evaluation of the PCM wall. Meanwhile, combined with experimental data, the effective heat capacity model and the enthalpy model were used to analyze the effect of correlations concerning how the relationship between phase change temperature and wall's boundary temperature influenced the thermal performance of PCM wall. Three main impact factors related to temperature were obtained through the analysis. In addition, approaches for improving the thermal performance of a composite PCM wall were put forward. This paper provides the theoretical basis, data reference and practical instruction for the proper use of a PCM wall and ways for improving the thermal performance of a composite PCM wall.     

超高压变压器差动保护的改进

针对超高压自耦变压器的特点,介绍了微机变压器保护中采用的励磁涌流闭锁措施、相位补偿和电流平衡调整,识别电流互感器断线及饱和的原理：