EFFECT OF OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON THE TRANSITION FROM BUBBLING TO TURBULENT FLUIDIZATION

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of operating temperature(50 to 500℃)andpressure(1×10~5 to 8×10~5 Pa)on the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization by computer analysisof the pressure fluctuation in dense phase.In order to reveal the influence of particle properties on the tran-sition process,eight kinds of particles were employed.A empirical correlaton which takes into accountthe effects of temperature and pressure is recommended for the prediction of transition velocity     

溶剂对维生素C单晶生长动力学的影响

引　言当过饱和溶液中产生晶核或加入晶种时 ,溶质分子在过饱和度的推动下使晶核或晶种长大的过程就是晶体生长 .晶体生长动力学决定了晶体产品的形态及其物理性质 ,是结晶过程设计、优化和操作的基础 ,在结晶过程研究中占有重要地位[1,2 ] .晶体生长的外部条件例如过饱和度、温度、溶剂等都直接影响到晶面吸附情况的变化、晶体比表面自由焓 ,从而影响晶面的生长速度[3,4 ] .单晶研究是借助于显微镜、照相机、衍射仪等观察手段测定单晶各方向的尺寸随时间的变化 ,确定晶体生长动力学的方法[5] .作者曾采用间歇动态法实验测试维生素C在水 乙…     

连云港海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换研究

采用粒度谱计算方法分析连云港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换特征,为徐圩防波堤口门布置和连云港港航道回淤研究提供理论支撑。连云港港主航道和徐圩航道5 m等深线以外的区域悬沙和表层沉积物交换率为0.1~0.2,表明航道回淤强度将处于较低水平,对今后航道维护有利;5 m等深线以内区域的交换率为0.3~0.4,悬沙落淤对航道回淤有一定贡献,表明该航道段回淤量相对较大,计算结果与实测航道回淤强度分布特征基本一致。灌河口沙嘴正常天气条件下交换率小于0.2,说明悬沙落淤对沙嘴的影响较小;5 m等深线以内破波带水域交换率大于0.5,表明悬沙和表层沉积物交换频繁。连云港港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换主要为粒径小于62 μm的细颗粒组分。分析结果表明,为减少泥沙回淤对徐圩港区港池正常运行的影响,兴建防浪挡沙堤并将堤头布置在破波带之外十分必要。     

邻羟基环己基丙烯酸酯光聚合动力学研究

采用实时红外光谱技术(RTIR)研究了邻羟基环己基丙烯酸酯(HCA)光聚合反应动力学,探讨了光照强度、光引发剂种类和浓度对其光聚合动力学的影响,并与脂肪族羟基丙烯酸酯单体丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)进行了对比。结果表明,最终双键转化率和相对反应速率随光强增大而增加;光引发剂浓度对最终双键转化率和反应速率的影响随引发剂不同呈现不同规律;与HEA相比,HCA具有更高的反应活性,但最终双键转化率较低。     

浅论宋代陶瓷造型

陶瓷器首先是为实际生活需要而“造物”的产品，同时又是按着审美规律寻求“造型”的艺术创造。每个时代的陶瓷造型都会有所不同。宋代是瓷的时代，此时陶瓷造型追求一种质朴静润，自然天成，趣味高雅的意境，其轮廓线条流畅，造型端庄。法度严谨，做工精细，优美的形象体现着宋人典雅朴素的气质风度和追求的美学境界。本文试图从宋代当时社会政治生活和生产、制瓷工艺的发展、审美观等几方面对宋代陶瓷造型的影响进行了初步的研究。     

惰性粒子流化床干燥钻井废泥浆实验研究

实验考察了惰性粒子流化床干燥钻井废泥浆，关联了干燥器的体积传热系数表达式，可定量计算进风速度、进风温度、废泥浆体积流量和含水量等参数的影响。结果表明，惰性粒子流化床干燥热效率达55％，体积传热系数可达6kW·m^-3·K^-1，可用于钻井现场柴油机废气干燥钻井废泥浆。激光粒度分析仪测试干燥产物粒度平均值为12／μm，且分布较为集中，其密度为3．2g·cm^-3，可以回用于钻井泥浆的加重材料。浸毒试验表明，干燥产物CODCr值大幅度下降。     

基于分形理论的陶瓷材料显微组织模拟

利用VB开发工具,开发出基于二维和三维系统单相、复相陶瓷材料显微组织及其演变的仿真模拟软件,其主要包括三个模块:二维系统仿真模块、三维系统仿真模块和显微结构定量分析模块;可实现二维和三维的显微组织仿真图像输出,并且可方便地观察空间任意角度截面显微组织及其演变;应用分形理论、拓扑学等方法,对显微结构进行了定量分析,得到晶粒数及平均体积等参数与仿真时间MCS的变化关系。     

Phase holdup and liquid dispersion in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds

Axial and radial profiles of gas and solids holdups have been studied in agas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed at 140mm i.d..Experimental results indicate that the axialand radial profiles of gas and solids holdups are more uniform than those in a conventionalfluidized bed.Axial and radial liquid dispersion coefficients in the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidizedbed are investigated for the first time.It is found that axial and radial liquid dispersioncoefficients increases with increaes in gas velocity and solids holdup.The liquid velocity has littleinfluence on the axial liquid dispersion coefficient,but would adversely affect the redial liquiddispersion coefficient.It can be concluded that the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed hasadvantages such as better interphase contact and lower liquid dispersion along the axial directionover the expanded bed.     

应用微扰理论（PHCT）诠释MH—55状态方程

用硬链微扰理论分析了ＭＨ－５５型状态方程。首次改进了该方程中的参考项，以ＣＳ硬球方程替代了原来的ｖａｎｄｅｒＷａａｌｓ斥力项，使改进后的ＭＨ－５５方程计算范围扩大到汽液两相。     

Estimating discharge in gravel‐bed river using non‐contact ground‐penetrating and surface‐velocity radars

Discharge measurement is a critical task for gravel‐bed channels. Under high‐flow conditions, the elevation of the riverbed changes significantly by intensive torrential flow. The stage–discharge relations commonly used for stream discharge estimation may no longer be adequate. The contact‐type velocity measuring is also subject to measurement errors and/or instrument failures by the high‐flow velocities, driftwood, stumps, and debris. This study developed a new real‐time method to estimate river discharge in gravel‐bed channels. A systematic measuring technology combining ground‐penetrating radar and surface‐velocity radar was employed. The rating curves representing the relations of water surface velocity to the channel cross‐sectional mean velocity and flow area were established. Stream discharge was then deduced from the resulting mean velocity and flow area. The proposed method was examined in a steep gravel‐bed reach of the Cho‐Shui River in central Taiwan. The estimated stream discharge during three flood events were compared to the prediction by using the stage–discharge relation and the index‐velocity method. The proposed method of this study is capable of computing reasonable values of discharge for an entire flood hydrograph, whereas the other two methods tend to produce large extrapolation errors. Moreover, when the computed discharge is used in 2D flood flow simulation, the proposed method demonstrates better performance than the commonly used stage–discharge and index‐velocity methods.