In this paper, the uplink and downlink performance of a two-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) with range expansion (RE) is analyzed. Different from previous works, base stations (BSs) are modeled as a spatial Poisson point process. This model can not only capture the irregularity of the BS deployment but also lead to closed form expressions. With the analytical results, the impacts of several key parameters on the coverage and throughput performance are investigated. Our results justifies the effectiveness of RE and Pico deployment. Based on our analyses, certain attention should be made on the RE design to balance the uplink and downlink performance. Our analyses are corroborated by simulations and can thus serve as a flexible and quick guidance for system design without complicated and time-consuming system-level platform construction and simulation. 相似文献
A novel color image encryption algorithm based on coarse-grained fractional chaotic system signals is proposed in this paper. First, color images are divided into three channels, which are encrypted based on the corresponding three states of the chaotic system. Second, the chaotic systems are defined as fractional chaotic, in which the fractional order enlarges the parameter space. Third, the fractional chaotic signals are handled with unfixed coarse-grained methods instead of being utilized directly. In addition, the original image and the chaotic signals are divided into bit signals from the pixel values, and the high and low bits are encrypted, respectively. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed color image encryption algorithm, its properties, including the key space, information entropy, correlation analysis, key sensitivity, and resistance to differential attacks, are provided using a numerical simulation.
The quality of experience (QoE) evaluation model for voice over IP (VoIP) service is studied to analyze the impact of network parameters on voice quality and monitor voice quality in real-time for operators. Firstly, the influence of some network parameters on the voice quality of VoIP is investigated. Then, a simulation platform for VoIP transmission is built to collect voice data under different network enviornments. According to the simulation results, a new mapping model between these arguments and VoIP voice quality is deduced. Finally, the accuracy of this voice quality evaluation model is examined and the results demanstrate that it has high reliability and feasibility. 相似文献