多尺度变换和粒子群优化的图像融合方法

在图像融合领域,基于多尺度变换的图像融合方法是研究的热点,文中提出了一种基于多尺度变换和粒子群优化的图像融合方法,对基于多尺度变换得到的融合图像,利用粒子群优化进行进一步处理,并讨论了优化算法中初始图像质量对最终结果的影响。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的融合结果,且优化时选取偏差大的初始图像粒子,能够获得更好的融合结果。     

Impact of source waters,disinfectants, seasons and treatment approaches on trihalomethanes in drinking water: a comparison based on the size of municipal systems

This study compares concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in municipal water for 2001–2007 from the small and large systems in two provinces in Canada (Newfoundland and Quebec) based on source waters, disinfectants, seasons and treatment approaches. Approximately 71 and 94%, respectively, of the municipal systems in Quebec and Newfoundland are small systems (serving fewer than 3000 people). The small systems serve approximately 8.6% (0.57 million) and 44.1% (0.18 million) of the populations in Quebec and Newfoundland, respectively. Concentrations of THMs and its variability are much higher in the small systems (Quebec: 0–941 μg/L; Newfoundland: 0–875 μg/L) than in the systems with populations 10 000 or more (Quebec: 0–364 μg/L; Newfoundland: 2.3–205 μg/L). The study reveals that the differences in THMs between the small and medium/large systems are because of different types of source waters, treatments, disinfection strategies and seasons. The results emphasize that regulatory agencies must focus more on the occurrence of DBPs in small systems and identify strategies to reduce their levels in drinking water.     

基于电喷雾质谱的反应监测研究进展

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)因具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、分辨率高、原位在线监测等特点,广泛应用于反应监测领域。本文主要从不同离子化技术角度,综述了电喷雾质谱在反应监测和机理研究方面的进展。重点介绍了在线电喷雾质谱技术,其中包括解吸附电喷雾离子化质谱（DESI-MS）、萃取电喷雾离子化质谱（EESI-MS）、纳升电喷雾离子化质谱（nESI-MS）、超声喷雾离子化质谱（SSI-MS）以及其他在线电喷雾离子化质谱在反应监测中的应用。最后,对电喷雾质谱在反应监测的发展趋势进行总结和展望。     

Poly dimethylsiloxane/carbon nanofiber nanocomposites: fabrication and characterization of electrical and thermal properties

This article presents the fabrication and characterization of poly dimethylsiloxane/carbon nanofiber (CNF)-based nanocomposites. Although silica and carbon nanoparticles have been traditionally used to reinforce mechanical properties in PDMS matrix nanocomposites, this article focuses on understanding their impacts on electrical and thermal properties. By adjusting both the silica and CNF concentrations, 12 different nanocomposite formulations were studied, and the thermal and electrical properties of these materials were experimentally characterized. The developed nanocomposites were prepared using a solvent-assisted method providing uniform dispersion of the CNFs in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the dispersion of the CNFs at different length scales. The thermal properties, such as thermal stability and thermal diffusivity, of the developed nanocomposites were studied using thermogravimetirc and laser flash techniques. Furthermore, the electrical volume conductivity of each type of nanocomposite was tested using the four-probe method to eliminate the effects of contact electrical resistance during measurement. Experimental results showed that both CNFs and silica were able to impact on the overall properties of the synthesized PDMS/CNF nanocomposites. The developed nanocomposites have the potential to be applied to the development of new load sensors in the future.     

Intensification of Freeze-Drying Rate of Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2396 Using Tungsten Halogen Radiation: Optimization of Moisture Content and α-Amylase Activity

A novel freeze-drying protocol has been explored to render fast and cost-effective freeze drying of hyperamylase producing Bacillus subtilis MTCC2396 employing a tungsten halogen lamp radiator (THLR) as a heat source. Response surface methodology assessed the maximum reduction in moisture content (96.07%) and minimum reduction in α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity (1.02%) in 4 h drying time at 42.5°C radiation temperature. α-amylase activity (0.046 U) and final moisture content (3.93%) of the optimally freeze-dried bacterial strain appeared satisfactory. The freeze-drying time using THLR (4 h) is remarkably lower compared to that under a conventional conductive plate heater (CPH) (10 h) at otherwise identical conditions. The higher effective moisture diffusivity of 0.0052 to 0.0078 m ²/s under THLR compared to 0.00084 to 0.0015 m ²/s under CPH (corresponding to 20–50°C) advocated the superiority of the THLR heating protocol. The higher efficacy of THLR was also evidenced through lower activation energy (8.42 kJ/mol) of moisture diffusion compared to that (12.051 kJ/mol) of CPH. The optimally freeze-dried bacteria demonstrated the same growth rate in addition to exhibiting excellent retention of bioremedial (Hg²⁺ removal) activity to that of the control.     

太阳能聚光器薄膜的牢固度理论和制备技术

针对太阳能聚光器薄膜在制备过程中牢固度不理想这一问题，确定在薄膜的生长过程中影响薄膜牢固度的各个因素，对这些因素作了具体的分析，并在实验的基础上，给出了提高薄膜牢固度的具体措施。     

基于集对分析的敌空袭目标排序

基于集对分析理论,提出敌空袭目标排序的判断模型.通过建立待评估方案决策矩阵,构造理想方案;运用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,形成待评估方案和理想方案联系矩阵;对各项指标值与其相应权重系数线性叠加合成,以同一度大小对备选方案排序选优.该方法为敌空袭目标排序判断提供了简单、实用的评价方法.实例分析验证说明该方法准确可行.     

浅谈核安全文化体系的建立与完善

通过对核电设备制造企业核安全文化存在问题的探讨，提出核安全文化体系建立的设想，并提出推动核安全文化体系完善的一些建议。     

A framework for mining interesting high utility patterns with a strong frequency affinity

High utility pattern (HUP) mining is one of the most important research issues in data mining. Although HUP mining extracts important knowledge from databases, it requires long calculations and multiple database scans. Therefore, HUP mining is often unsuitable for real-time data processing schemes such as data streams. Furthermore, many HUPs may be unimportant due to the poor correlations among the items inside of them. Hence,the fast discovery of fewer but more important HUPs would be very useful in many practical domains. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to introduce a very useful measure, called frequency affinity, among the items in a HUP and the concept of interesting HUP with a strong frequency affinity for the fast discovery of more applicable knowledge. Moreover, we propose a new tree structure, utility tree based on frequency affinity (UTFA), and a novel algorithm, high utility interesting pattern mining (HUIPM), for single-pass mining of HUIPs from a database. Our approach mines fewer but more valuable HUPs, significantly reduces the overall runtime of existing HUP mining algorithms and is applicable to real-time data processing. Extensive performance analyses show that the proposed HUIPM algorithm is very efficient and scalable for interesting HUP mining with a strong frequency affinity.     

Prediction of Polymer Wear—An Analytical Model and Experimental Validation

Because of its industrial relevance, wear of engineering polymers has been studied extensively both experimentally and theoretically. The wear mechanism of polymers is complex due to the influence of numerous parameters and it has long been realized that a predicting tool for wear of polymers in dry and lubricated sliding is of practical importance. Polymer wear models hitherto have been largely done by fitting the experimental data to an empirical equation and some major contributions have been made by a number of authors in this area. However, a more fundamental approach would be to analyze the experimental evidence collectively on the basis of the variables involved and the mechanisms leading to particle detachment. Although some progress has been made in this direction, a need exists to consolidate the major experimental findings in order to develop a comprehensive analytical wear model. The present work attempts to develop such a wear model and validate the proposed model experimentally. The wear equations are presented in two groups, one representing primarily abrasive wear and the other the fatigue mechanism, since the two mechanisms operate in distinct roughness ranges. Each group consists of four equations representing different contact speed and temperature ranges. The results indicate that the surface forces dominate in the low roughness range while at the higher roughness ranges abrasive wear is predominant. Among other observations the results also indicate that a unique value of the ratio of equivalent elastic modulus to hardness (E^//H) exists where wear may either be insignificant or very large depending on the parametric combination. These predictions are likely to be of practical importance.