Modified quadratic discriminant functions and the application to chinese character recognition

Issues in the quadratic discriminant functions (QDF) are discussed and two types of modified quadratic disriminant functions (MQDF1, MQDF2) which are less sensitive to the estimation error of the covariance matrices are proposed. The MQDF1 is a function which employs a kind of a (pseudo) Bayesian estimate of the covariance matrix instead of the maximum likelihood estimate ordinarily used in the QDF. The MQDF2 is a variation of the MQDF1 to save the required computation time and storage. Two discriminant functions were applied to Chinese character recognition to evaluate their effectiveness, and remarkable improvement was observed in their performance.     

Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms

Standardised questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms in an ergonomic or occupational health context are presented. The questions are forced choice variants and may be either self-administered or used in interviews. They concentrate on symptoms most often encountered in an occupational setting. The reliability of the questionnaires has been shown to be acceptable. Specific characteristics of work strain are reflected in the frequency of responses to the questionnaires.     

An experimental evaluation of psychophysical criteria for repetitive lifting work

Two experiments were performed to test the reliability and validity of psychophysically determined maximum acceptable workloads for setting lifting standards. The perceived workload in a repetitive diagonal lifting task was found to be a positively accelerated function of the weight lifted and of the work pace respectively. A twofold increase in objective workload resulted in a four- to fivefold increase in perceived workload. This relation was independent of previous occupational experience of lifting work. The psychophysically assessed maximum acceptable workloads for this type of lifting task appeared to be satisfactorily reproducible when subjects had to adjust work pace or when they were left free to adjust both the weight and the work pace. However, the results raised several questions concerning the applicability of the psychophysical assessment of maximum acceptable lifting work. Slight changes in the instructions given to the subjects had a definite effect on the selection of workloads. Furthermore, the workloads selected by subjects with previous occupational experience of lifting work — i e, warehouse workers — were systematically lower than those selected by subjects without such previous experience — i e, office employees. At the same time, the warehouse workers rated perceived exertion higher than the office employees, indicating that previous occupational experience of lifting work enhanced the subjective assessment of physical effort. There were no consistent relations between the workloads found acceptable by the subjects and their physical characteristics and performance capacity.     

交流阻抗法评价有机涂层

有机涂层浸泡于试验介质中,对其进行交流阻抗测量得到的图谱,随浸泡时间的不同而变化。本文提出一种交流阻抗谱的解析方法,可以推算反映有机涂层性质的参数,并从各参数随浸泡时间的变化情况来评价有机涂层。本文还对春山志郎提出的特征频率法进行了深入的讨论。     

疫情刺激＋产品创新"助推清洁电器行

2020年,新冠肺炎疫情导致整个家电市场严重受挫,中国家电零售市场规模为7056亿元,同比下降11.3％,清洁电器成为为数不多实现高增长的品类.奥维云网(AVC)推总数据显示,2020年中国清洁电器市场规模达到240亿元,同比增长20％(见图1).之所以实现逆势增长,离不开内外部因素的共同促进.一方面,疫情导致消费者的健康清洁意识提升,同时居家也使得清洁需求增多,扩大了消费者对清洁电器的购买需求;另一方面,洗地机、自清洁扫拖机器人等革新性产品,也给消费者带来前所未有的使用体验,成为清洁电器增长的新赛道.     

STUDY ON THE VARIATION MECHANISM OF CARBON CONTENT OF LIQUID IRON IN MELTING GASIFIER

This paper studied the changing principles of carbon content in direct reduction iron (DRI) and liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier. Under the normal working conditions of experimental equipment, liquid nitrogen was poured into the melting gasifier from its tuyere to cool down quickly. And then seven cross sections were made to study the carburization reaction and its characteristics of the solid iron and the liquid iron, and also the reaction of carbon between the slag and the metal. According to the results, the influences of the thickness of the semi-coke layer and the temperature on the carbon content of liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier were confirmed.     

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF TITANIUM-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

As a potential application of titanium-oxide nanoparticles, it is extremely important to investigate a detailed picture of the surface and interior structural properties of nanocrystalline materials, such as rutile and anatase with diameters 7.0 and 4.5nm, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to identify the local Ti environment and related electronic structure. We combine the experimental results at the Ti edge in both bulk and nano-crystals to determine the lattice distortion in terms of differently characteristic preedge features and the variation in the multiple-scattering region of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The relationship between the transition peaks and the surface-to volume ratio is also discussed.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagating velocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of the three-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point, dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities are calculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a good agreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method is feasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wide application.     

用攀枝花钛矿和云南钛矿冶炼钛渣工业试验研究

通过磁性测量和X-射线衍射研究了Gd2(Co，Al)17化合物的结构和磁晶各向异性。当x≤4时，样品具有菱方Th2znl7型结构，x=5时，具有六方CaCu5型结构。随着Al浓度增加，晶格常数和单胞体积单调增大，而居里温度和自发磁化强度近似线性地减小；在x≥l时，观察到Co亚点阵的磁晶各向异性变号，室温易磁化方向由易面转变为易轴，且易轴各向异性场和各向异性常数随Al原子浓度增加出现极大值；基于补偿温度(65K)下自由粉末颗粒的磁化曲线，导出了亚点阵间的分子场系数和Gd-co交换耦合常数，结果表明，Al原子对Gd-Co交换耦合作用的影响较小。根据Al原子在Co亚点阵4种晶位的择优占位，分析了磁晶各向异性的演变。     

测量技术在欧洲的发展

目前,对于棒材和坯料尺寸还没有普遍实行测定。但在不久将来,随着生产的提高,快速轧机的建立,以及轧制工艺自动化的实现,测定它们的尺寸,对于达到理想的轧机性能,将必不可少。为此,采用自动仪表进行测定,非常必要。本文对这些测定方法及仪表进行了综合性的概要说明。在谈到接触式或非接触式测定方法时,重点放在非接触式方法上,因为后者特别适合于上述特殊场合。现在各种物理测量原理,如X和γ射线的吸收、影象技术、微波、涡流、以及光学方法(从影象强度比较到各种扫描系统),都成功地得到了应用。本文还讨论了各种几何图形的