加压还原气氛下脱硫基础研究

文章在参考国内外现有研究成果的基础上对加压还原脱硫过程进行了基础研究。研究工作在一台自制的加压热重分析仪上进行，研究内容包括压力、温度、H2S浓度等因素对反应速度的影响，获得了加压还原气氛下南京石灰石脱硫反应的动力学参数及相应的动力学方程。     

Mechanically interlocked gold and silver nanoparticles using metallosupramolecular catenane chemistry

We have employed the toolbox of metallosupramolecular chemistry to mechanically interlock gold and silver nanoparticles. A specifically designed PEGthiol-functionalized bis(phenanthroline)copper(I) complex acts to 'catenate' the nanoparticles. The interlocked assemblies were characterised by three complementary techniques: DLS, SERS and TEM.     

Faking good and bad adjustment on the MMPI and overcontrolled-hostility in maximum security psychiatric patients.

25 male patients (mean age 29 yrs) in a maximum security psychiatric hospital were administered the MMPI under each of 3 sets of instructions—honest, fake-good adjustment, and fake-bad adjustment. As in an earlier study with inmates by P. Gendreau et al (see record 1973-30226-001), it was found that Ss were able to fake both good and bad adjustment, but that various faking indices were reasonably accurate in detecting both. Overcontrolled-hostility (OCH) scale scores were related to scores on the faking indices, suggesting that high OCH scores may indicate a desire to appear normal on psychological testing. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement.

98 children in 2 age-groups between 2 yrs 6 mo and 5 yrs were pretrained and then performed a 2-choice discrimination problem in which a puppet model and the S responded alternately. Ss were exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. There was more imitation on vicarious reward than on vicarious punishment trials. Ss who demonstrated no initial responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement were then assigned to either a natural or reversed S-consequence condition and to 1 of 3 model consequence conditions (reward, punishment, or mixed). The finding of significantly fewer errors in the natural than in the reversed condition supports the mediational interpretation of vicarious reinforcement, not the J. L. Gewirtz (1971) operant interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Importance of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

The role of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) has been studied thoroughly in an entrained flow reactor during simulated waste combustion. The effects of gas-phase chlorine species such as chlorine (Cl2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and chlorine radicals (Cl*), as well as ash-bound chlorine, on PCDD/F de novo formation were isolated for investigation. The ash-bound chlorine alone was observed to be a sufficient chlorine source for PCDD/F formation. The addition of HCl to the system did not influence the yields of the PCDDs/Fs nor the degree of chlorination due to its poor chlorinating ability. Addition of 200 ppm of Cl2 to the ash-feed system resulted in increased PCDD/F yields, especially for the octa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners. Altering the reaction temperature to enable the presence of only Cl2 to the system did not change the yields of PCDD/F compared to those when both Cl2/Cl* were present. However, comparison between ash-bound and gas-phase chlorine, the latter at a concentration typical of a realistic combustion process, revealed ash-bound chlorine to be the more important chlorine source for de novo formation of PCDD/F in a full-scale incinerator.     

Effect of ascorbic acid on health and morphology of bovine preantral follicles during long-term culture

During ovarian folliculogenesis, ascorbic acid may be involved in collagen biosynthesis, steroidogenesis and apoptosis. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of ascorbic acid on bovine follicle development in vitro. Preantral follicles were cultured for 12 days in serum-free medium containing ascorbic acid (50 microg ml(-1)). Half of the medium was replaced every 2 days, and conditioned medium was analysed for oestradiol and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 secretion. On day 12, cell death was assessed by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). In the absence of serum, there was significant (P < 0.05) follicle growth and oestradiol secretion over the 12 day culture period. Ascorbic acid had no effect on these parameters. The addition of serum from day 0 stimulated follicle growth (P < 0.05), but compromised follicle integrity. By day 12 of culture, a higher proportion of follicles remained intact in the presence of ascorbic acid in serum-free conditions (P < 0.05), and significantly (P < 0.01) less granulosa and theca cell death was observed in these follicles than in control follicles. Moreover, ascorbic acid significantly (P < 0.05) increased production of MMP-9, an enzyme involved in basement membrane remodelling. In conclusion, this culture system was capable of supporting follicle differentiation over the 12 day culture period. Furthermore, ascorbic acid maintains bovine follicle health and basement membrane remodelling in vitro.     

Effects of IGF-I bioavailability on bovine preantral follicular development in vitro

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regulation of IGF-I bioavailability on preantral follicle development in vitro. Bovine preantral follicles were cultured for 6 days in serum-free medium with increasing doses of Long R3 (LR3) IGF-I (an analog with low affinity for IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)), or human recombinant IGF-I (hrIGF-I). Follicle diameter and estradiol production were measured every second day. On day 6, ratios of oocyte/follicle diameter and oocyte morphology were assessed by histological examination, and IGFBP-2 and -3 were detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. Both types of IGF-I increased follicle diameter in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) and increased estradiol production over control levels (P < 0.05). However, follicles treated with LR3 IGF-I and the highest concentration of hrIGF-I (1000 ng/ml) had smaller oocyte/follicle ratios, and increased oocyte degeneration, compared with controls or follicles treated with physiological concentrations of hrIGF-I (P < 0.05). IGFBPs were detected in cultured preantral follicles, indicating a requirement for regulation of IGF bioavailability during the early stages of follicular development. Specifically, IGFBP-3 mRNA was found to be expressed in oocytes, and IGFBP-2 immunoreactivity was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells of cultured follicles. In summary, the regulation of IGF-I bioavailability by IGFBPs is necessary for the co-ordination of oocyte and follicle development in vitro.     

Violent offender research and implications for the criminal justice system.

Some offenders are at very high risk to reoffend. Research conducted at the author's institution and elsewhere shows that psychopathic offenders are especially likely to be violent, that future violence can be predicted with considerable accuracy among men who have committed at least 1 violent offense, and that treatment programs to reduce dangerousness do not always have the intended effects (i.e., they may actually increase the dangerousness of some individuals). Implications for the criminal justice system pertain to release following insanity acquittal offender sentencing and parole, preventive detention, offender treatment, and program evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identification of processes regulating the colour and colour change in an oligotrophic,hardwater, groundwater‐fed lake,Blue Lake,Mount Gambier,South Australia

Blue Lake, located in Mount Gambier, South Australia, is the only known global example of a lake that annually changes colour in the blue end of the spectrum. A series of experiments, including Secchi depth readings, in situ spectroradiometric analysis and spectrophotometric analysis of water samples, were designed to identify the factors affecting the colour of Blue Lake and the processes that regulate these factors. Based on the results of these experiments, the processes controlling the colour and colour change in Blue Lake are described and quantified. Blue Lake colour was observed to change between AS 2700 Aqua during winter (April through to October) and Blue Bell during summer (December through to February). The colour change in Blue Lake is measurable and reflects primarily the regulation of the concentration of humic substances in the upper part of the lake by calcite precipitation. The calcite precipitation is driven by degassing of carbon dioxide from the epilimnion of the stratified lake in summer. The humic substances co‐precipitate with the calcite. Photodegradation of the humic substances may also occur.     

Mud,Dust, and Marougé: Precarious Construction in a Congolese Refugee Camp

This photo essay combines text and images to convey how the Congolese who reside in Nyarugusu, a United Nations refugee camp in Tanzania, interact with and interpret camp architecture. To establish the camps as temporary spaces, the Tanzanian government requires that refugees construct their houses with sundried mud brick and thatched roofs so that they can eventually be destroyed without a trace. The red dirt of their homes and the camp environment colours almost every facet of Nyarugusu residents' lives, adding a sense of dirtiness to the camp. The violence built into the camp architecture is not only contained in its eventual destruction, but also in the ways in which it visibly marks the residents' alienation and subordination in Tanzania.