Effect of Microstructure on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of CuO-Doped 3Y-TZP Ceramics

Dense 8 mol% CuO-doped 3Y-TZP ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering for 8 h at 1500° and 1550°C, respectively. Transmission electron spectroscopy revealed that the ceramic sintered at 1500°C exhibits grain boundaries free of any amorphous phase, while crystalline copper-oxide grains were found in the zirconia matrix, whereas the sample sintered at 1550°C contains a Cu-rich amorphous grain boundary layer. The tribological behavior of these materials was tested under dry-sliding conditions using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The material sintered at 1500°C showed self-lubrication resulting in a low coefficient of friction ( f ) of 0.2–0.3 and a low specific wear rate ( k ) ≪ 10⁻⁶ mm³·(N·m)⁻¹. In contrast, the material sintered at 1550°C showed poor tribological behavior ( f =0.8–0.9; k ≫ 10⁻⁶ mm³·(N·m)⁻¹ under the same conditions. The difference in the tribological behavior of these two materials was interpreted on the basis of mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics.     

六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯的合成工艺

介绍了六亚甲基-1,6二-异氰酸酯(HD I)的合成方法及其最新研究进展,HD I的合成主要有光气法、酯交换法、氧化羰基化法和氨基甲酸酯热分解法,其中重点介绍了光气法和氨基甲酸酯热分解法的合成路线,并对各种合成方法的优缺点作了比较,对今后的研究发展方向提出了建议。     

新型真空耙式干燥机的开发

通过对常规真空耙式干燥机存在问题的剖析，经多年实验研究，研制开发出了高效、节能的新型真空耙式干燥机，并得到了工业生产验证。     

High Quality and Yield in Potassium Titanate Whiskers Synthesized by Calcination from Hydrous Titania

Hydrous titanium dioxide (TiO₂· n H₂O) was used to prepare K₂Ti₂O₅ single crystals, K₂Ti₄O₉ whiskers and K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers at 820°, 940°, and 1110°C, respectively, by calcination. At T < 820°C, dehydration of hydrous titania, decomposition of potassium carbonate, and reaction between titanate and potassium oxide occurred simultaneously, ending with a crystallization reaction of K₂Ti₂O₅ single crystals at 820°C. Subsequently, K₂Ti₂O₅ single crystals convert into K₂Ti₄O₉ whiskers at 940°C, and K₂Ti₄O₉ whiskers further convert into K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers at 1110°C. The reaction temperatures for the generations of these types of potassium titanates were all 10°–40°C lower than the corresponding temperatures when anatase was used as the reactant. The whiskers synthesized in the present study exhibited uniform size, good morphology, and a high yield.     

Mathematical model of shear rate of polymer melt dynamic extruding through capillary

With superimposing a sine vibration of displacement on the extruding direction of a polymer melt, the characterization formula of the shear rate of a polymer melt within a capillary was set up. By making use of the experimental equipment of a constant velocity type dynamic rheometer of capillary (CVDRC) designed by the authors, the calculating steps of the shear rate of the polymer melt at the wall of the capillary under a vibration force field were established. Through measuring and analyzing the instantaneous data of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume rate, and their phase‐difference under the superimposed vibration, the polymer melt's shear rate at the wall of the capillary can thus be calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1056–1061, 2005     

尿素－苯酚－甲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

本文研究了由苯酚，甲醛和尿素为主要原料制备尿素－苯酚－甲醛（简写为ＵＰＦ）树脂胶粘剂的配比及工艺条件．制得的胶粘剂的游离酚、游离醛含量低．水溶性、贮存性好，原料成本低，适用于浸渍作保温材料的矿物纤维．     

Preparation of freestanding and crack-free titania–silica aerogels and their performance for gas phase, photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs

Freestanding and crack-free titania–silica aerogels with high titanium content (i.e., Ti/Si = 1) were successfully prepared by adjusting the hydrolysis of the two alkoxide precursors to a comparable rate during the sol–gel processing. Two titania–silica aerogels were prepared by ethanol and CO₂ supercritical drying methods. Well-dispersed, nanometer-sized anatase crystal domains (ca. 10 nm) were crystallized by high temperature, ethanol supercritical drying. The crystalline domains were solidly anchored to the aerogel network by Ti–O–Si bonds. Titania–silica aerogels prepared by CO₂ supercritical drying method were devoid of TiO₂ crystals. A molecular-level mixing was achieved and anatase TiO₂ was only crystallized with difficulty by high temperature calcination (1073 K). Both aerogels were mesoporous and displayed similar open pore structure that is readily accessible to reactant molecules. However, only the titania–silica aerogel with anatase TiO₂ prepared by ethanol supercritical drying was active for the gas phase, photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (i.e., isopropanol and trichloroethylene). Catalysts prepared from Degussa P25 TiO₂ displayed lower activity under similar reaction conditions.     

企业电子商务异构数据集成模型研究

通过研究XML在数据集成方面的相关技术,提出了一个基于XML企业电子商务异构数据集成框架,可以无缝地与面向对象系统、数据仓库系统等进行接口,能够较好地实现系统之间动态资源共享和交流,为企业之间对各种分布异构数据库资源提供了全局、统一、动态和高效的访问.     

楔形裂隙水头分布研究

岩体是一种具有节理、裂隙等缺陷的材料体,这些缺陷是岩体渗流的主要通道。通常节理裂隙被认为是一组平行板分布,当原始地应力不变时,岩体的渗流状态保持不变。当岩体由于开挖卸荷或其它原因而导致岩体的应力状态发生变化,这时岩体的节理及裂隙等的隙宽或许将会变成楔形,从而使得岩体裂隙中的水头分布方式与平行板的线性分布不同。因此,在立方定律的基础上,推导了楔形裂隙中水头分布的公式,并与前人的研究结果进行了对比,同时探讨了其对边坡安全系数计算的影响,研究表明,所得公式更为合理。     

基于小概率法的大坝多源监测预警阈值研究

针对大坝预警指标阈值确定方法不完善、监控指标指导作用不强等问题,本文基于霍尔三维结构,系统阐述了大坝预警理论,构建了预警指标体系。通过将大坝监测数据正态分布计算转换成查询柯尔莫哥洛夫分布表,提出了基于小概率法的大坝多源监测预警阈值拟定方法。结合某水库观测数据,拟定该大坝表面沉降及渗流量的预警阈值,分析结果表明,该方法能够有效评估监测指标与历年来抵御不利工况的能力,更好的反映大坝运行状况,极大地提高了监测信息的预警价值。