基于自校准技术的半球谐振陀螺正交误差的辨识补偿

在静电刚度校正技术的基础上,结合自校准算法,该文提出了一种实时辨识补偿正交误差的理论模型,并在两件套平面电极的半球谐振陀螺上进行了理论仿真和实验验证。结果表明,该方法不仅适用于半球谐振陀螺的力平衡和全角两种工作模式,还适用于虚拟进动的情况。此外,该文提出的补偿方法不会影响正交环路的控制精度,且对陀螺检测和驱动电路的增益和相位误差不敏感。     

边缘负载FBAR谐振器有限元仿真分析

外部激励施加于薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)时会激发纵向与横向剪切的振动,引发能量损耗,为了减少寄生谐振,降低FBAR器件的工作损耗,提高器件的品质因数,故需要抑制横向剪切振动。该文采用有限元仿真法讨论了顶电极边缘负载参数对FBAR器件横向寄生的影响,并通过COMSOL仿真软件实现且制备了结构完整的谐振器。测试结果表明,负载结构可有效提升器件品质因数约10%。     

基于HSV的乳腺癌细胞识别方法

乳腺癌是女性致死率最高的疾病之一,严重威胁女性的身体健康。目前,病理医生判断病症等级,仍通过观察病理切片中的增殖细胞个数,具有很大的主观性。本文提出了一种将RGB彩色空间和HSV彩色空间模型结合的方法,采用各分量的色度特征,通过量化分析建立色度特征方程,实现从病理图像中检测识别乳腺癌增殖细胞。经20组乳腺癌病理切片图像验证,准确性达到了94.2%,优于单色彩空间模型方法约4%,本文提出方法能够更精确识别乳腺癌细胞,为乳腺癌细胞识别提供了一种新方法。     

基于余弦-指数混沌映射的分块图像加密算法

为平衡混沌映射中结构与性能的关系,保证加密系统安全性,提出一种基于余弦-指数混沌映射的分块图像加密算法。首先,通过非线性指数项对引入了Tent种子映射的余弦映射进行调制,构造新型余弦-指数混沌映射,并利用SHA-256函数产生与明文相关的密钥,生成随机性较强的混沌序列,实现一次一密;然后,基于拉丁方和位级转换,通过两轮拉丁方索引和比特位拼接,分别设计双重拉丁方和扩展比特位算法,并结合二维约瑟夫序列,对块间预置乱后的明文进行块内置乱,实现不同分块的差异化置乱;最后,基于Zig-Zag变换,采用环状仿Zig-Zag变换设计交叉Zig-Zag变换方法,将中间密文与混沌序列进行双向非线性扩散,实现同时改变像素位置与大小,完成图像加密。实验结果表明,该算法密钥空间大,能有效抵御差分分析和统计分析等典型攻击,具有较好的加密效果。     

风电调频补偿水锤效应的频率特性分析

水轮机在云南电网中占比很大,为了解决水轮机的水锤效应带来的功率反调现象,提出了一种考虑风电调频特性补偿水锤效应的分析方法。首先,建立了含风、水、网、荷的简单系统数学模型。其次,使用直流潮流法得到水轮机及其调频策略、风机及其调频策略所对应的代数微分方程和系统网络方程。并在此基础上进行线性化处理,推导出负荷扰动时水轮机和风机并网节点频率响应的频域解析式。根据解析式分析调频控制参数等对系统频率的影响。最后,通过以双机系统及实际电网的仿真分析对风机补偿水轮机水锤效应的有效性和可行性进行了验证。     

Photomultiplication-Type Organic Photodetectors with High EQE-Bandwidth Product by Introducing a Perovskite Quantum Dot Interlayer

A photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetector (OPD) that exploits the ionic motion in CsPbI₃ perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is demonstrated. The device uses a QD monolayer as a PM-inducing interlayer and a donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer as a photoactive layer. When the device is illuminated, negative ions in the CsPbI₃ QD migrate and accumulate near the interface between the QDs and the electrode; these processes induce hole injection from the electrode and yield the PM phenomenon with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) >2000% at a 3 V applied bias. It is confirmed that the ionic motion of the CsPbI₃ QDs can induce a shift in the work function of the QD/electrode interface and that the dynamics of ionic motion determines the response speed of the device. The PM OPD showed a large EQE-bandwidth product >10⁶ Hz with a −3 dB frequency of 125 kHz at 3 V, which is one of the highest response speeds reported for a PM OPD. The PM-inducing strategy that exploits ionic motion of the interlayer is a potential approach to achieving high-efficiency PM OPDs.     

Versatile Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Laden in an Injectable and Bioactive Hydrogel for Accelerated Bone Regeneration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Unlike bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) cultured in vitro with normoxia, bone marrow in vivo is exposed to a hypoxic environment. To date, it remains unclear whether hypoxia preconditioning can improve the function of BMSC-derived EVs and be more conducive to bone repair. Herein, it is found that hypoxia preconditioned BMSCs secrete more biglycan (Bgn)-rich EVs via proteomics analysis, and these hypoxic EVs (Hypo-EVs) significantly promote osteoblast proliferation, migration, differentiation, and mineralization by activating the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Subsequently, an injectable bioactive hydrogel composed of poly(ethylene glycol)/polypeptide copolymers is developed to improve the stability and retention of Hypo-EVs in vivo. The Hypo-EVs-laden hydrogel shows continuous liberation of Hypo-EVs for 3 weeks and substantially accelerates bone regeneration in 5-mm rat cranial defects. Finally, it is confirmed that Bgn in EVs is a pivotal protein regulating osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerts its effects through paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, this study shows that hypoxia stimulation is an effective approach to optimize the therapeutic effects of BMSC-derived EVs and that injectable hydrogel-based EVs delivery is a promising strategy for tissue regeneration.     

Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.     

Polyether-b-Amide Based Solid Electrolytes with Well-Adhered Interface and Fast Kinetics for Ultralow Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are highly desirable for energy storage because of the urgent need for higher energy density and safer batteries. However, it remains a critical challenge for stable cycling of SSLMBs at low temperature. Here, a highly viscoelastic polyether-b-amide (PEO-b-PA) based composite solid-state electrolyte is proposed through a one-pot melt processing without solvent to address this key process. By adjusting the molar ratio of PEO-b-PA to lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (ethylene oxide:Li = 6:1) and adding 20 wt.% succinonitrile, fast Li⁺ transport channel is conducted within the homogeneous polymer electrolyte, which enables its application at ultra-low temperature (−20 to 25 °C). The composite solid-state electrolyte utilizes dynamic hydrogen-bonding domains and ion-conducting domains to achieve a low interfacial charge transfer resistance (<600 Ω) at −20 °C and high ionic conductivity (25 °C, 3.7 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹). As a result, the LiFePO₄|Li battery based on composite electrolyte exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance with 81.5% capacity retention after 1200 cycles at −20 °C and high discharge specific capacities of 141.1 mAh g⁻¹ with high loading (16.1 mg cm⁻²) at 25 °C. Moreover, the solid-state SNCM811|Li cell achieves excellent safety performance under nail penetration test, showing great promise for practical application.     

In Situ Polymerizing Internal Encapsulation Strategy Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Lead Leakage Suppression

Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the years, unsatisfactory stability and lead toxicity remain obstacles that limit their competitiveness and large-scale practical deployment. In this study, in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed as a holistic approach to overcome these challenges. The uniform polymer internal package layer constructed by thermally triggered cross-linkable monomers not only solidifies the ionic perovskite crystalline by strong electron-withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also acts as a water penetration and ion migration barrier to prolong shelf life under harsh environments. The optimized MAPbI₃ and FAPbI₃ devices with IPIE treatment yield impressive efficiencies of 22.29% and 24.12%, respectively, accompanied by remarkably enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. In addition, toxic water-soluble lead leakage is minimized by the synergetic effect of the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation conferred by the IPIE. Hence, this strategy provides a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.