舰船防护结构穿甲后爆炸的数值仿真分析

为了研究冲击爆炸作用下舰船防护结构的破坏情况,将该结构简化为多层板架结构,借助于有限元程序LS-DYNA中的ALE算法,同时考虑穿甲和爆炸的作用,对其在穿甲后爆炸荷载作用下的非线性动态响应过程进行仿真分析,描述了钢板的破口形状、破口半径及板上单元等效应力随时间变化的情况,并与舷外接触爆炸对结构的破坏情况进行比较.结果表明穿甲后爆炸能对舰体内部造成破坏,因此它是一种比较理想的反舰攻击方式.     

石油烃、Cu2+单一与复合污染对沙蚕的毒性效应

在实验室模拟条件下研究了石油烃、Cu2+单一与复合污染对沙蚕的毒性效应.试验的结果表明,沙蚕的死亡率与石油烃、Cu2+的浓度呈显著相关关系.其半数致死浓度LC50分别为:30.2～116.26μg/L(石油烃);449.52～1130.34μg/L(Cu2+).沙蚕体内Cu2+的积累量随着暴露溶液中Cu2+浓度的上升而增加,当Cu2+的浓度>500μg/L时,这一变化十分显著;而沙蚕体内石油烃的含量随着暴露溶液中石油烃浓度的升高无显著变化.而Cu2+和石油烃复合污染对沙蚕的毒性作用较为复杂,在不同的处理中,表现出了协同和拮抗两种作用方式.同时,在Cu2+与石油烃复合污染条件下,沙蚕体内Cu2+的积累量也有显著变化.在复合处理组中,当Cu2+的浓度达到500μg/L时,Cu2+在沙蚕体内的积累量与Cu2+单一污染相比,Cu2+在沙蚕体内积累量相比显著降低.     

八异戊氧基-2,3-萘酞菁镍旋涂膜对NO2的气敏特性

为了设计对NO2气体具有高灵敏度、可逆性和专一选择性的敏感材料和克服敏感膜制作工艺复杂的缺点,利用旋涂技术制备了八异戊氧基-2,3-萘酞菁镍(N iNc(iso-PeO)8)气敏薄膜,采用AFM观察其表面形貌,研究了N iNc(iso-PeO)8旋涂膜对NO2的气敏性,分析了薄膜形貌和测试温度等因素对薄膜气敏性的影响.结果表明,旋涂溶液浓度较低时制备的薄膜表面均匀,平整度较好,萘酞菁分子以无序聚集形式排列在基片上.工作温度升高,薄膜对NO2的响应恢复能力增强;不同温度下N iNc(iso-PeO)8旋涂膜对NO2灵敏度的顺序为:20℃<50℃<75℃<100℃>130℃.     

大豆皂苷Ⅱ的提取及HPLC-MS分析

大豆皂苷是一种生物活性物质,结构不同的大豆皂苷生物活性不同,为了选择性利用B组大豆皂苷,本文考察了B组大豆皂苷的提取、分离方法及B组大豆皂苷Ⅱ的分析方法。采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂柱层析法从脱脂大豆中提取大豆皂苷,并利用硅胶柱层析分离得到B组大豆皂苷,进而通过HPLC-MS法对B组大豆皂苷Ⅱ进行检测。结果表明,本文得出的大豆皂苷提取、分离及检测方法对B组大豆皂苷的选择性应用具有参考价值。     

敦煌石窟中的西夏服饰研究之二——中原汉族服饰对西夏服饰的影响

西夏党项族在学习接受中原汉族文化的过程中,在保留原有民族传统服饰特点的基础上,积极吸收中原汉族的服饰制度和服饰样式。本文利用图像资料和文献资料,探讨了中原汉族服饰对西夏各个社会阶层服饰的影响。     

电力市场中基于混沌理论的电价预测研究

随着电力市场化的不断深入,边际电价预测的重要性将愈来愈凸显,己成为广大发电企业普遍关注的焦点.如何开展边际电价预测以及如何提高边际电价预测的准确性成为迫切需要解决的问题.结合混沌理论,演绎出新的电价预测方法.     

利用弯管测量流体流量的实验研究

利用火力发电厂中循环水管道与凝汽器之间连接所形成的弯管,首先从弯管流量测量基本理论入手,分别用自由涡流理论和强制涡流理论,建立了循环水在弯管内流动过程中,弯管内外径的压力差与循环水流量之间关系的数学关系模型.其次,利用实验室实验确定循环水流量与弯管内外径之间压差的关系,实现了利用弯管对流体流量进行测量.     

Carburization of ferrochromium metals in chromium ore fines containing coal during voluminal reduction by microwave heating

Chromium ore fines containing coal (COFCC) can be rapidly heated by microwave to conduct the voluminal reduction, which lays a foundation of getting sponge ferrochromium powders with a lower content of C. Under the conditions of COFCC with n(O):n(C) (molar ratio) as 1.00:0.84 and n(SiO₂):n(CaO) as 1.00:0.39, the samples were heated by 10 kW microwave power to reach the given temperatures and held for different times respectively. The results show that the low-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase in the reduced materials forms before the high-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase does. With increasing temperature the C content of ferrochromium metals is in a positive correlation with the content of Cr. The C content of ferrochromium metal in reduced materials is 0–10.07% with an average value of 4.68%. With the increase of holding time the Cr content in ferrochromium metals is in a negative correlation with the content of C, while the content of Fe changes in the contrary way. In the microwave field the kinetic conditions of carburization are closely related with the temperature of microwave heating, holding time and carbon fitting ratio. Foundation item: Project(50474083) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project supported by the Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. of China     

Purification and characterization of extracellular chitinase from a novel strain Aspergillus fumigatus CS-01

Twelve samples derived from different locations in south central area of China are treated by enrichment and spread-plate technique for initial screening. Seven chitinase-producing strains are isolated. The chitinase present in the culture supernatant of strain CS-01 possesses the maximum activity of 0.118 U/mL. Analysis of the morphological feature and the ITS rDNA sequence reveals that strain CS-01 belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of the chitinase is regulated by a inducible way and the maximum activity appears at 36 h in colloidal chitin culture. Purification of the chitinase is carried out by salting out, gel filtrate chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially. Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE indicate that the chitinase from A. fumigatus CS-01 is a monomer with the relative molecular mass estimated to be 4.50×10⁴. Its maximum activity appears at pH 5 and 55 °C. The chitinase is stable at pH 4.0–7.5 and below 45 °C. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.