Differentially private histogram publication

Differential privacy (DP) is a promising scheme for releasing the results of statistical queries on sensitive data, with strong privacy guarantees against adversaries with arbitrary background knowledge. Existing studies on differential privacy mostly focus on simple aggregations such as counts. This paper investigates the publication of DP-compliant histograms, which is an important analytical tool for showing the distribution of a random variable, e.g., hospital bill size for certain patients. Compared to simple aggregations whose results are purely numerical, a histogram query is inherently more complex, since it must also determine its structure, i.e., the ranges of the bins. As we demonstrate in the paper, a DP-compliant histogram with finer bins may actually lead to significantly lower accuracy than a coarser one, since the former requires stronger perturbations in order to satisfy DP. Moreover, the histogram structure itself may reveal sensitive information, which further complicates the problem. Motivated by this, we propose two novel mechanisms, namely NoiseFirst and StructureFirst, for computing DP-compliant histograms. Their main difference lies in the relative order of the noise injection and the histogram structure computation steps. NoiseFirst has the additional benefit that it can improve the accuracy of an already published DP-compliant histogram computed using a naive method. For each of proposed mechanisms, we design algorithms for computing the optimal histogram structure with two different objectives: minimizing the mean square error and the mean absolute error, respectively. Going one step further, we extend both mechanisms to answer arbitrary range queries. Extensive experiments, using several real datasets, confirm that our two proposals output highly accurate query answers and consistently outperform existing competitors.     

A hierarchical dense deformable model for 3D face reconstruction from skull

3D face reconstruction from skull has been investigated deeply by computer scientists in the past two decades because it is important for identification. The dominant methods construct 3D face from the soft tissue thickness measured at a set of landmarks on skull. The quantity and position of the landmarks are very vital for 3D face reconstruction, but there is no uniform standard for the selection of the landmarks. Additionally, the acquirement of the landmarks on skull is difficult without manual assistance. In this paper, an automatic 3D face reconstruction method based on a hierarchical dense deformable model is proposed. To construct the model, the skull and face samples are acquired by CT scanner and represented as dense triangle mesh. Then a non-rigid dense mesh registration algorithm is presented to align all the samples in point-to-point correspondence. Based on the aligned samples, a global deformable model is constructed, and three local models are constructed from the segmented patches of the eye, nose and mouth. For a given skull, the globe and local deformable models are iteratively matched with it, and the reconstructed facial surface is obtained by fusing the globe and local reconstruction results. To validate the presented method, a measurement in the coefficient domain of a face deformable model is defined. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has good performance for 3D face reconstruction from skull.     

Assessment of Sustainable Yield of Karst Water in Huaibei,China

This paper presents the assessment of sustainable yield in the Huaibei karst water area of Anhui province, China. A review of sustainable yield definition is introduced first in this paper, and sustainable development in karst areas is more difficult due to the complicated hydrogeologic conditions. General hydrogeology of the study area is provided to characterize hydraulic connections between the karst aquifer and an overlying porous aquifer. Groundwater level declines continuously due to over-exploitation of the karst groundwater, and two layers of groundwater dropping funnel were formed in Huaibei. These problems not only threaten the eco-geo-environment, but also compromise the water utilization which depends on the shallow porous water. A “critical water level” is proposed in this study to assess the sustainable yield, and it is determined by the historical exploitation data which represent the relationship between the karst water and the shallow porous water uses. A three layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is used to understand the complex relationship of the karst water level and its influencing factors. Precipitation, exploitation and water level of latest period are chosen as the input nodes, seasonal records of water level are simulated by the ANN model. The sustainable yield is calculated by the trail-and-error adjusting method, and is equal to the pumping rate when the “critical water level” is maintained. The rate of 30.05 MCM/a is the sustainable yield for the Huaibei karst area in 2008, and it is less than the real pumping rate of 35.92 MCM/a. This assessment is meaningful to the management for the Huaibei karst water.     

新时期准公益性水管单位经营探索

2011年,中共中央、国务院以一号文件的形式下发了《关于加快水利改革发展的决定》,水利事业改革发展迎来了一个新的春天。在这种新形势、新情况下,准公益性水管单位如何把握水利发展的重大机遇,在国家规定之内搞好经营活动,实现水管单位的综合效益最大化是值得研究的一个课题。本文以探索准公益性水管单位的经营为重点,阐述了国家对准公益性水管单位经营活动的规定,分析了在水利改革发展重大机遇期准公益性水管单位经营面临的形势,对准公益性水管单位如何走经营之路进行探索。     

宁东能源化工基地水土保持生态环境动态监测分析

通过采用卫星遥感、地面定点和野外查等监测技术手段,对宁东基地开发建设前（2000年）和开发建设初期（2007年）两个时段土地利用、植被盖度、土壤侵蚀、水土保持措施等水土保持生态环境影响因子分别进行监测。综合分析结果表明,宁东基地自2000年以来土地利用结构改善,植被覆盖呈好转趋势,虽然局部水土流失加重,但整体土壤侵蚀强度降低,整体生态环境处于好转状态。     

求解泊松方程的紧致修正法

将紧致格式与低阶格式结合,构造紧致格式的修正项,并将修正项加入到源项中进行求解,得到了一种基于非均分网格求解泊松方程的紧致修正法,且将该方法应用于二维和三维泊松方程的数值求解中。数值计算结果表明:紧致修正方法的精度高于经典方法的精度,但四阶紧致修正方法比二阶经典方法对网格的依赖性强。     

冲击式水轮机专用调速器的特点与应用

介绍了冲击式专用调速器的特点和常见故障,叙述了安装了亚洲单机容量最大的冲击式机组的冶勒水电站的六喷六折调速系统的结构和试验情况。重点介绍了其结构新颖,控制先进,功能完备,可靠性高特点,为今后进一步运用大型冲击式专用调速器提供参考。     

WATER TUNNEL EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DRAG REDUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRAVELING WAVY WALL

Drag reduction experiment of the traveling wavy wall at high Reynolds number is conducted.A suit of traveling wavy wall device is developed.The drag forces of the traveling wavy wall with various wave speeds(c)are measured under different water speeds(U)in the K15 cavitation water tunnel and are compared with that of the flat plate.The results show that the mean drag force of the traveling wavy wall have decreased and then increased with oscillation frequency increasing at the same flow speed.Under different flow speeds,when traveling wave wall reached to the minimum of drag force,the corresponding the ratio of the wall motion phase speed c to flow speed U,c /U is slightly different.Within the parameters of the experiment,whenc /U reaches a certain value,the drag force of the traveling wavy wall can be less than that of the flat plate.The drag reduction can be up to 42%.Furthermore,as the value ofc /U increases,the traveling wavy wall can restrain the separation and improve the quality of flow field.     

行洪河道橡胶坝工程中应急电源的选择与设计

介绍了城区河道橡胶坝工程的特点,对3种应急电源进行了比较,提出了选用EPS作应急后备电源的设计思想、设计原理和容量选择的计算方法。     

基于混沌置乱和分形维数的数字水印算法

把分形维数理论应用到数字水印中,提出了基于混沌置乱和分形维数的DCT域数字图像水印算法.首先将载体图像分块,计算每个小块的分形维数,根据分形维数调节嵌入强度系数,将经过混沌置乱的水印图片嵌入到载体图像的DCT域直流分量中.MATLAB实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性,对常见的图像处理攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.