基于小结构体的无线传感器网络部署算法

目前无线传感器网络中节点的部署主要采用基于Voronoi图的算法,在使用Voronoi算法进行部署的过程中由于参与部署的节点数量多,算法的复杂度高,导致算法的迭代时间较长。为解决节点部署中算法迭代时间较长的问题,提出一种基于小结构体的部署算法（DABA）。首先,将节点组合成小结构体;然后,计算小结构体的中心位置坐标;最后,利用Voronoi图进行节点部署。所提算法对于部署区域存在障碍的情况仍然能有效进行部署。实验结果表明,DABA在部署时间方面能够比基于Voronoi图的算法减少三分之二。所提算法可明显减少算法的迭代时间,同时降低算法的复杂性。     

互质线阵中一种基于共轭增广的DOA估计算法

论文开展互质线阵下的空间谱估计研究。通过利用信号二阶统计量的共轭增广特性,提出互质阵下基于共轭增广的酉旋转不变性进行信号参数估计 (Conjugate augmented unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique, CA-UESPRIT)波达方向(Direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法。该算法先利用不同时长间隔下接收信号的二阶统计量,构造共轭增广虚拟阵列以扩展阵列孔径和提高空间自由度。然后采用基于互质特性的联合UESPRIT算法实现DOA估计。相比于传统互质线阵下的联合UESPRIT算法,CA-UESPRIT算法DOA估计性能更优。此外,通过酉变换可以将ESPRIT算法的协方差矩阵从复数域转化到实数域,降低了复杂度的同时保证了测向精度。仿真结果证实了所提算法的有效性。     

采煤和岩溶水开采对晋祠泉出流影响的随机模型分析

以晋祠泉域为例,在泉域驱动因素的基础上,将泉域岩溶水系统概化为一个多输入-双输出的系统,输入项为当年及前7 a的降水、岩溶水开采量和采煤排水量;输出项为晋祠泉总排泄量,即出流量和侧排量。然后采用多元线性回归和BP神经网络2种随机模型,建立泉域各输出项与各输入项的关系,再假定无岩溶水开采和无采煤排水2种情景,在这2种情景下模拟泉域的排泄量,对比分析采煤和岩溶水开采对晋祠泉出流量的影响。研究结果表明采用多元线性回归模型,在1956—1994年多年平均条件下,岩溶水开采后晋祠泉排泄量减少0.42 m³/s,采煤排水后出流量减少0.23 m³/s,人类开采使总排泄量减少0.65 m³/s;采用BP神经网络模型,1956—1994年多年平均条件下,岩溶水开采后泉域排泄量减少0.30 m³/s,采煤排水后出流量减少0.27 m³/s,人类开采使总排泄量减少0.65 m³/s。20世纪80年代后采煤活动加剧,2种随机模型均反映出采煤排水对泉域有严重的影响。     

底流钢膜消力池底板上表面脉动压力试验

为确保消力池防护结构在水流冲击下的安全,探索一种新的钢膜消力池防护结构,即在消力池传统的不透水混凝土底板上部铺设一层均匀开孔的薄钢板。基于某底流消力池模型试验,研究了铺设均匀开孔钢膜对不透水底板上表面脉动压力分布规律的影响。试验结果表明:铺设均匀开孔的钢膜后,对于消力池前端旋滚区,脉动压力强度系数减小、概率密度函数基本满足正态分布,但幅值范围更加集中;纵向各点的相关性降低、空间积分尺度下降,涡旋保持性降低;脉动压力主频基本不变,但脉动能量集中的频带变窄。与透水底板比较,钢膜消力池防护结构可以有效减小作用在消力池前端底板上表面的脉动荷载,初步表明这种结构具有一定的可行性。     

深厚覆盖层土石坝渗流控制及三维数值分析

深厚覆盖层地基和两岸坝肩绕坝渗漏的存在,将影响水库的安全运行及水库工程效益的发挥,有必要采取相应的防渗措施,降低坝基及两岸坝肩的渗透流量。以某水库为例,建立了能够准确反映该水库的主要地质构造、坝体及坝基几何形状的三维有限元分析模型,考虑正常蓄水位下防渗墙的厚度(0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 m)、延长两岸坝肩(50、60、70和80 m)及地基(6)-2地层的深度(3、6、9、12和15m)等方案,从地下水位线等值线、渗透比降、渗透流量等方面研究坝基和两岸坝肩的渗流场特性及稳定性分析。通过增加防渗墙厚度、延长坝基及两岸坝肩的深度,坝体、坝基及两岸坝肩内的地下水位等值线均向防渗墙处靠近,防渗墙内水头损失增大;坝体、坝基各分区及防渗墙的最大渗透比降满足渗流稳定性要求;延长防渗墙深入两岸坝肩的深度能有效降低坝肩的渗透比降,同时也能有效控制坝肩渗透流量,降低墙后坝肩浸润面;单纯改变防渗墙厚度并不能有效控制坝基渗透流量,需加深防渗墙深入坝基的深度来控制坝基渗透流量。建立的某深厚覆盖层土石坝的三维渗流有限元数值模型,进行了渗流控制方案的合理优化,该研究可为我国深厚覆盖层土石坝渗漏及渗透稳定问题评价研究提供重要依据。     

光固化制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)复合筋材的研究

采用5种光引发剂体系,通过LED紫外光固化技术制备了玻璃纤维（GF）增强不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）复合筋材（直径达1.5 cm）,进行了热重分析以及力学性能测试,讨论了光引发剂种类及浓度（0.1%~2.0%,质量分数）、紫外光波长（365 nm、395 nm）、光照强度（30~750 mW/cm2）和光照时间对固化及制品性能的影响。结果表明:波长为365 nm的光源具有更好的固化效果;对于给定的引发剂体系,随着光照强度的增加,表观固化时间缩短;巴氏硬度随光照强度的增强而增大,且趋于稳定。在相同的紫外光光照强度下,表观固化时间一般随光引发剂浓度的升高而降低,但对于PI1光引发剂体系,表观固化时间随光引发剂浓度的升高先降低而后又升高。采用PI0或PI5作为光引发剂,紫外固化40 s所得复合材料的拉伸强度达到1 000 MPa,弹性模量达到45 GPa,均优于经热固化所得复合材料,表明,通过LED紫外光固化技术,高效制备厘米级大直径筋材具有可行性。      

膨胀剂、减缩剂对超高性能混凝土圆环约束收缩性能的影响

为研究膨胀剂、减缩剂对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)圆环约束收缩性能的影响,开展了掺膨胀剂或减缩剂的UHPC的劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量及圆环约束收缩试验研究,并对掺膨胀剂或减缩剂的UHPC的开裂风险、松弛性能进行了定量分析.分析结果表明:在本研究的掺量范围内,膨胀剂或减缩剂的掺入均提高了UHPC的7 d劈裂抗拉强度;膨胀剂或减缩剂的掺入均降低了各阶段的钢环应变,(28 d)最大降低幅度分别为30.7％、38.6％;膨胀剂的掺入使UHPC各龄期拉应力水平均降至安全控制值内,其中6％掺量的膨胀剂减缩效果最佳;减缩剂的掺入虽降低了UH-PC的(3 d)拉应力水平,但拉应力水平仍高于安全控制值.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and infrared to visible up-conversion luminescence of Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped Bi2WO6 nanoparticles

In this paper, Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped Bi₂WO₆ (Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺-Bi₂WO₆) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method followed by a heat treatment process. X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and up-conversion luminescence spectra were used to characterize the as-synthesized Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺-Bi₂WO₆. The effects of Yb³⁺ concentration on up-conversion luminescence properties were investigated. Under 980?nm laser excitation, two emission peaks centered at 546?nm and 655?nm corresponding to the ⁵F₄, ⁵S₂ and ⁵F₅ transitions, respectively, to the ⁵I₈ ground state were observed. Power studies revealed that a two-photon process was involved in the up-conversion emissions and the probable up-conversion emission mechanisms were discussed according to the energy transfer process. This study confirms that Bi₂WO₆ could be a potential host to achieve desired up-conversion luminescence and might be potentially applied in the fields of photocatalysis and solar cells.     

Mechanochemical‐Assisted Synthesis of High‐Entropy Metal Nitride via a Soft Urea Strategy

Crystalline high‐entropy ceramics (CHC), a new class of solids that contain five or more elemental species, have attracted increasing interest because of their unique structure and potential applications. Up to now, only a couple of CHCs (e.g., high‐entropy metal oxides and diborides) have been successfully synthesized. Here, a new strategy for preparing high‐entropy metal nitride (HEMN‐1) is proposed via a soft urea method assisted by mechanochemical synthesis. The as‐prepared HEMN‐1 possesses five highly dispersed metal components, including V, Cr, Nb, Mo, Zr, and simultaneously exhibits an interesting cubic crystal structure of metal nitrides. By taking advantage of these unique features, HEMN‐1 can function as a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications. A specific capacitance of 78 F g^?1 is achieved at a scan rate of 100 mV s^?1 in 1 m KOH. In addition, such a facile synthetic strategy can be further extended to the fabrication of other types of HEMNs, paving the way for the synthesis of HEMNs with attractive properties for task‐specific applications.     

SPION‐Decorated Exosome Delivered BAY55‐9837 Targeting the Pancreas through Magnetism to Improve the Blood GLC Response

BAY55‐9837, a potential therapeutic peptide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is capable of inducing glucose (GLC)‐dependent insulin secretion. However, the therapeutic benefit of BAY55‐9837 is limited by its short half‐life, lack of targeting ability, and poor blood GLC response. How to improve the blood GLC response of BAY55‐9837 is an existing problem that needs to be solved. In this study, a method for preparing BAY55‐9837‐loaded exosomes coupled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIONs) with pancreas islet targeting activity and an enhanced blood GLC response with the help of an external magnetic force (MF) is demonstrated. The plasma half‐life of BAY55‐9837 loaded in exosome‐SPION is 27‐fold longer than that of BAY55‐9837. The active targeting property of SIPONs enables BAY‐exosomes to gain a favorable targeting property, which improves the BAY55‐9837 blood GLC response capacity with the help of an external MF. In vivo studies show that BAY‐loaded exosome‐based vehicle delivery enhances pancreas islet targeting under an external MF and markedly increases insulin secretion, thereby leading to the alleviation of hyperglycemia. The chronic administration of BAY‐exosome‐SPION/MF significantly improves glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profiles. BAY‐exosome‐SPION/MF maybe a promising candidate for a peptide drug carrier for T2DM with a better blood GLC response.